Explanation
What happens when force is applied over a small area?
Pressure increases because the same force acts on a smaller surface
Define gravity
Gravity is the force that attracts objects toward one another, especially toward the center of the Earth
Pressure applied to a confined liquid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid.
True
Which device is a common application of Pascal's Principle?
A. Life jacket
B. Hydraulic jack
C. Hot-air balloon
D. Sailboat
Answer: B. Hydraulic jack
Identify the formula used to calculate pressure.
P=F/A
Explain why liquids are used in hydraulic systems instead of gases.
Liquids are used because they are nearly incompressible, meaning they do not compress easily. This allows pressure to be transmitted efficiently, while gases compress and reduce the effectiveness of the system.
Define fluid
A fluid is any substance that can flow, such as liquids and gases.
Oil is not a liquid
According to Archimedes' Principle, the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the _____.
A. Object
B. Air above the object
C. Fluid displaced by the object
D. Container holding the fluid
Answer: C. Fluid displaced by the object
Identify the formula used to calculate density.
ρ=m/V
Explain Archimedes' Principle and how it relates to buoyant force.
Archimedes' Principle states that an object immersed in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. This buoyant force is what allows objects to float or reduces their apparent weight in a fluid.
Define density.
Density is the amount of mass contained in a given volume of a substance.
According to legend, Archimedes discovered his famous principle while taking a bath.
True
A solid steel ball sinks, but a large steel ship floats because the ship _____.
A. Is made of a different kind of steel
B. Has engines that keep it afloat
C. Has a lower average density due to its hollow structure
D. Experiences no gravity
Answer: C. Has a lower average density due to its hollow structure
What does ρ mean in ρ = m/V?
Density
Explain what happens to the pressure in a confined liquid when a force is applied to it.
When a force is applied to a confined liquid, the pressure spreads equally throughout the entire liquid. Every part of the liquid experiences the same increase in pressure.
Define a hydraulic system.
A hydraulic system uses an incompressible liquid to transmit force from one point to another.
Buoyant force acts in a downward direction.
False
Which situation best demonstrates Archimedes' Principle?
A. Pumping air into a tire
B. A boat floating on a lake
C. Turning a doorknob
D. Riding a bicycle uphill
Answer: B. A boat floating on a lake
Identify the formula used to calculate Archimedes' principle (buoyant force).
Fb=ρVg
Explain how you can determine if an object will float or sink
Float -> Buoyant Force > Weight or Buoyant Force = Weight
Sink -> Weight > Buoyant Force
Neutral buoyancy is the condition in which the buoyant force equals the object's weight, causing it to remain suspended in the fluid
A buoyant force exists only when an object is floating.
False
(Buoyant force acts on any object partially or completely immersed in a fluid.)
Which change would increase the pressure exerted by the same force?
A. Increasing the contact area
B. Decreasing the contact area
C. Removing gravity
D. Increasing the object's volume
Answer: B. Decreasing the contact area
Write the formula that relates the input force, output force, input piston area, and output piston area in an ideal hydraulic system.
F1/A1=F2/A2