Unit 5
a communication technique used in therapy and counseling that involves fully concentrating, understanding, responding, and empathizing with what the speaker is saying, through verbal and nonverbal cues, to facilitate deeper understanding and rapport
Active listening
repetitive, rule-based behaviors that a person feels compelled to perform to reduce anxiety.
Compulsion
positive, motivating stress that can improve performance and well-being.
Eustress
a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, or hopelessness, accompanied by changes in appetite, sleep, energy levels, and concentration, lasting for at least two weeks.
Major depressive disorder
involves integrating principles, techniques, and strategies from multiple theoretical perspectives or therapeutic modalities, tailored to meet the individual needs and preferences of clients.
eclectic approach
form of psychotherapy that focuses on identifying and changing dysfunctional thought patterns, beliefs, and cognitive distortions that contribute to psychological distress and maladaptive behaviors, through cognitive restructuring and behavioral interventions
Cognitive therapy (within the cognitive perspective)
the body's automatic response to a perceived threat, preparing for either confrontation or avoidance.
a form of exposure therapy that involves gradually exposing individuals to feared or anxiety-provoking stimuli or situations, while teaching relaxation techniques, to reduce anxiety and fear responses through gradual habituation
systematic desensitization
efforts to directly address and manage the underlying cause of stress, by seeking solutions, taking action, or making changes to the situation or environment.
problem-focused coping
disorder characterized by a long-term pattern of exaggerated self-importance, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.
narcissistic personality disorder
a statistical method used to combine and analyze the results of multiple independent studies on a specific topic or research question, to provide a comprehensive summary of the overall findings and evaluate the strength of evidence across studies.
meta-analysis
disorganized and incoherent speech that is a symptom of severe mental disorders like schizophrenia
Word salad
a psychological theory proposing that the development of psychological disorders results from an interaction between predisposing vulnerabilities and environmental stressors, such as traumatic events or chronic stress, which can trigger or exacerbate symptoms.
Diathesis-stress model
a behavior therapy technique used to replace or counteract maladaptive responses (such as fear or anxiety) with adaptive ones, by pairing the feared or aversive stimulus with a positive or neutral stimulus to change the emotional response
counterconditioning
a theoretical framework proposed by Hans Selye to describe the body's physiological response to stress, involving three stages - alarm (activation of fight-or-flight response), resistance (adaptation and coping with stressors), and exhaustion (depletion of resources and increased susceptibility to illness).
General adaptation syndrome
side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic medications, characterized by involuntary, repetitive body movements
tardive dyskinesia
a behavior therapy technique that pairs an undesired behavior with an unpleasant stimulus or consequence, with the aim of reducing or eliminating the behavior through negative reinforcement or punishment.
Aversive conditioning
cluster of personality disorders characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors. Includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders.
Cluster B