Fallacy#1
Latin for "to the man" refers to specific diversions ary tactic.
Ad Hominem
A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt.
begging the question
A claim that argues if something is good or bad.
Claim of value
A statement of the main idea
Closed thesis
A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached.
Hasty Generalization
This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."
Ad Populum
A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.
Circular evidence
Five part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians.
Classical oration
Is a logical process where one reaches a conclusion.
Deduction
fallacy with potential vulnerabilities or weakness in argument.
Logical fallacy
This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise on an issue is cited to authority.
Appeal to false authority
Also called an assertion or proposition
claim
Introduces the reader to the subject.
Introduction
A fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices.
either/or
Thesis is one that does not list all the points the writer intends.
Open thesis
A process of reasoned inquiry, a persuasive discourse
Argument
Claim of fact
A claim of fact asserts that something is true or not true.
Provides factual information and background material.
Narration
A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable.
Faulty analogy
The qualifier uses words like usually, probably.
Qualifier
In the Toulmin model, backing consist of further assurances or data.
Backing
Claim of Policy
Usually the major part of the text.
Confirmation
Evidence based on something the writer knows.
First- hand evidence
Evidence that includes things that can not be measured, cited or counted.
Quantitative evidence.