Ducks
why does someone have a sharkfin waveform?
obstruction causing them to have a higher inspiratory to expiratory ratio (asthma)
Name something that has a higher affinity than oxygen?
Carbon monoxide
abnormally deep, very rapid sighing resp pattern and is characteristic of DKA or other metabolic acidosis.
Kussmaul respirations
what does the V and the Q in V/Q mismatch represent?
name an example of a V mismatch and a Q mismatch
V/Q mismatch (ventilation-perfusion mismatch) is when the balance between air reaching the alveoli (Ventilation = V) and blood flow in the pulmonary capillaries (Perfusion = Q) is disrupted.
why is it necessary to have the arrow on your screen when you switch to the 8 tac channel
The average volume of gas inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle. what is the average adult?
Tidal volume
500mL
what is the normal inspiratory to expiratory ratio?
what would it be if the patient is suffering from an asthma exacerbation?
1:2
1:anything more than 2
what are the 6 rights when helping administer a patients medication to them
right patient
right medication
right dose
right time
right route
right indication
what are adventitious lung sounds?
anything other than good
what is the difference between our utility rope and typical life safety rope? (what makes them up)
Utility rope is simple braided rope
life safety rope is kernmantle (inner braided core with outer prtoective Sheath)
Describe a cause for metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, respiratory acidosis.
Metabolic Alkalosis: Vomiting, Excessive water intake, nasogastric suctioning, excessive use of alkaline substance
Metabolic Acidosis: Lactic acidosis, Ketoacidosis
Respiratory Alkolosis: Hyperventilation
Respiratory Acidosis: Hypoventilation (Bradypnea)
To call a sepsis alert you must have this one thing present followed by 2 extra criteria.
Ex.
A(must present this)
B. 2 of the following 5 must be met
A. ETC02 <25
B. 1. T ≥ 100.4 F (38 C) OR ≤ 96.0 F (~36 C)
2. Hypotension a. Adults: SBP ≤ 90 mmHg
3. HR ≥ 90 bpm for adults; sustained tachycardia for age in pediatric patients (see chart above)
4. RR ≥ 20 bpm for adults; tachypnea for age in pediatric patients
5. Altered mental status / confusion
M419
what are the causes of JVD
tamponade, pneumo, heart failure
what are the main 3 ways people experience trouble breathing and how do you treat them?
Mucous production (atrovent)
Brochospasm (albuterol)
Airway edema (solumedrol)
On a semi truck there are typically 2 hoses that connect a trailer to the cab. What are they called and what happens when they are disconnected?
Glad hands, they supply the trailer with braking power, when disconnected the air stays in the trailer causing it to be (parked)
hallmark signs of a pulmonary embolism. Must get 4 out of 5
sudden trouble breathing and cyanosis
chest pain
cyanosis that does not resolve with oxygen
pt had a recent lack of mobility
clear lung sounds
for a patient with hyperkalemia, there are 3 medications that can be given, we only carry 2 of them per protocol, what are they?
Sodium Bicarb
Duoneb given continuously (can discontinue with EKG improvement
M418
what is a normal PaC02 level in arterial blood gas?
35-45
Capnography
Name and describe each class of the mallampati score?
Class 1: entire posterior pharnyx is exposed
Class 2: posterior phayrnx is partially exposed
Class 3: Posterior pharynx cannot be seen, base of uvula is exposed
Class 4: No posterior pharyngeal structures can be seen
The pattern of collapse when outer walls remain standing and the floors or roof fail in the middle leaving voids on both sides of the collapse.
V shaped collapse
name 10 of the 14 inclusion criteia for respiratory distress.
A. Patients of any age.
B. Patient complains of severe/worsening shortness of breath.
C. Patient has a past medical history of Asthma, Emphysema, or COPD.
D. Patient may be prescribed inhaler and/or other respiratory medications.
E. Lung exam has stridor, rales, wheezing, decreased breath sounds, or poor air exchange.
F. Pale, cyanotic, or flushed skin.
G. Use of accessory muscles of respiration.
H. MAY have retractions, nasal flaring, rapid respiratory rate (greater than 24), or pursed lip breathing.
I. Tripod/positional breathing.
J. Inability to speak in full sentences.
K. Restlessness or anxiety.
L. Altered/decreased mental status.
M. MAY have jugular venous distention or peripheral edema.
N. May have symptoms of Epiglottitis or Croup.
why do we not want to give oxygen to the point the patient has 100% o2 sat
we do not have the capability of knowing how high the blood oxygen value may be. this causes hyperoxia which can cause significant lung damage.
What size oxygen tanks do we carry on our ambulances? (tell us Privately so the other team doesnt get help)
double jeopardy? how much oxygen do they carry
Size H and Size D
Size H: 7000 L
Size D: 425 L
what is a saddle pulmonary embolism? and what is a classic sign of one.
a large blood clot that lodges the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery.
Cape cyanosis
name and describe the 4 types of sprinkler systems, what they are and where are they typically found?
Wet-pipe - office buildings, schools, and high-rise buildings with ordinary hazards.
Dry pipe - Unheated warehouses, parking garages, and attic spaces
Pre-action - contain pressurized nitrogen and is a 2 step process to prevent accidental activations. museums, server rooms, libraries, and data farms.
Deluge- these systems all activate at once, sprinklers always remain open, high hazard facilities, aircraft hangars, industrial plants, and manufacturing companies