Embryonic SCs
This is the fundamental ability of a stem cell to renew itself and divide.
What is self-renew?
Creating iPSCs from a patient's own cells eliminates the need to harvest these, thus avoiding ethical concerns.
What are embryos?
HSCs are primarily found in this part of the body, which they share with MSCs.
What is bone marrow?
This term describes the ability of an MSC to only differentiate into a limited number of cell types, such as bone, cartilage and fat.
What is multipotent?
NSCs are found in what two regions/areas of the body?
What is the brain and spinal cord regions.
ESCs possess this highest level of differentiation potential, meaning they can become any cell type in the body.
What is pluripotent?
Creating iPSCs from a patient's own tissues eliminates this major risk when using iPSCs for therapeutic treatments
What is rejection/immune rejection?
If the HSCs are dysfunctional in the body what is one example of a problem it can lead to?
What is leukemia, anemia, immune deficiencies, or bone marrow failure?
Besides bone marrow, MSCs are also found in fat tissue and this part of the newborn's anatomy.
What is umbilical cord tissue?
A major con of NSCs is that their extraction requires this type of procedure due to their location in the nervous system.
What is an invasive procedure/surgery?
The main ethical debate surrounding the obtaining of ESCs is that the embryo becomes ______.
What is unviable?
What are the two downsides to generating iPSCs in the lab?
What is expensive and time-consuming?
HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate into all types of cells related to blood and this crucial system.
What is the immune system?
MSCs have this specific limitation compared to ESCs and iPSCs.
What is limited self-renewal?
Dysfunction in NSCs can lead to this category of disease, like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's?
What are neurodegenerative diseases?
Despite the cells themselves not causing disease, studying ESCs helps scientists understand these two issues.
What are birth defects and early developmental disorders?
This major benefit of iPSCs is not associated with any natural diseases, and allows scientists to study conditions like cystic fibrosis and diabetes.
What is disease modeling (or drug testing)?
What is the most significant downside of HSC transplantation?
What is transplant rejection (or difficulty finding a match/matching donor)?
This issue can result from dysfunctional MSCs, involving the weakening and poor formation of bone tissue
What is osteoporosis?
This is the specific limitation of NSCs in humans.
What is limited natural repair ability?
What is the dual risk associated with using ESCs in patient therapies, even if the ethical debates surrounding their origin are set aside
What are tumor formation and difficulty in controlling their final differentiation?
Name the process by which scientists convert differentiated adult cells back into an embryonic-like, pluripotent state.
What is reprogramming/transdifferentiation?
What are the three types of cells that mentioned that HSCs can differentiate into?
What are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets?
This is the key benefit of using MSCs in therapies related to the body's defensive response to foreign material.
What is low immune rejection risk?
Besides neurons and astrocytes, these cells are the third specific cell type in the nervous system that the NSCs can differentiate into.
What are oligodendrocytes?