Cephalosporins and Carbapenems
This oral carbapenem was FDA approved in 2024 for uncomplicated UTI and is formulated with probenecid.
What is sulopenem?
This PK/PD index is used for beta-lactamase inhibitors
What is fT>CT (time above critical threshold)?
This aminopenicillin has superior oral absorption compared to ampicillin, with 75-90% bioavailability.
What is amoxicillin?
This is the recommended AUC/MIC target range for serious MRSA infections according to the 2020 IDSA guideline.
What is 400-600?
These five organisms comprise the HECKY group that produce inducible chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases.
What are Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Yersinia enterocolitica?
This was the first beta-lactamase inhibitor approved by the FDA in 1984
What is clavulanic acid (clavulanate)?
This gene encodes PBP2a in MRSA, conferring resistance to all penicillins including nafcillin and oxacillin.
What is mecA (or mecC)?
This MIC range defines vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA).
What is 4-8 mcg/mL?
These three Ambler classes of beta-lactamases are inhibited by durlobactam, making it effective against Acinetobacter
What is durlobactam?
This boronic acid beta-lactamase inhibitor forms a reversible covalent bond with the active-site serine as a competitive inhibitor.
What is vaborbactam?
This staphylococcal beta-lactamase gene produces penicillinase that inactivates penicillin G and V.
What is blaZ?
This van gene operon, associated with transposon Tn1546, modifies peptidoglycan precursors to D-Ala-D-Lac in E. faecium and E. faecalis.
What is vanA?
This enzyme in the kidney brush border metabolizes imipenem, requiring co-administration with cilastatin
What is dehydropeptidase
This beta-lactamase inhibitor combination is active against ESBLs and OXA-48 but lacks KPC activity.
What is cefepime-enmetazobactam?
According to a 2020 study by Timbrook, this antistaphylococcal penicillin had lower reporting odds for acute renal failure and hypokalemia compared to nafcillin.
What is oxacillin?
According to the 2020 guideline, trough levels of this value or higher increased the risk of AKI by 2.7-fold in pediatric patients.
What is ≥15 mg/L?
This unique side chain in cefotetan can cause a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol and interfere with vitamin K-dependent carboxylase.
What is thiomethyl tetrazole?
This mechanism allows avibactam to be regenerated after binding to beta-lactamases, unlike suicide inhibitors.
What is reversible covalent inhibition (or de-acylation)?
This carboxypenicillin has a 6-alpha-methoxy group that provides resistance to many serine beta-lactamases and activity against Enterobacteriaceae.
What is temocillin?
This fungus species, discovered in 1957, was the source from which vancomycin was isolated.
What is Streptomyces orientalis?