What's the evidence?
Something YOU know (personal experiences, observations, general knowledge)
What is firsthand evidence?
https://speakola.com/political/oliver-cromwell-speech-dismissing-rump-parliament-1653
The appeal being utilized the most
What is pathos?
During a heated debate, Ms. Cannaday pointed out that nobody should listen to A-A-Ron's argument because A-A-Ron is a known atheist who dabbles in mopery.
What is ad hominem?
Define the tones of these two passages:
1. “The morning after noted child prodigy Colin Singleton graduated from high school and got dumped for the 19th time by a girl named Katherine, he took a bath. Colin had always preferred baths.” —John Greene
2. “The heart dies a slow death, shedding each hope like leaves until one day there are none. No hopes. Nothing remains.” —Arthur Golden, Memoirs of a Geisha
What is
1. Humorous
and
2. Somber/bleak
The relationship between the speaker/author, the audience, the message, the context, and the exigence?
What is the rhetorical situation?
Type of firsthand evidence from other people that you have observed or been told about (appeals to pathos)
What is anecdotal evidence?
From Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman" - the appeal being used the MOST?
"Then they talk about this thing in the head; what's this they call it? [member of audience whispers, "intellect"] That's it, honey. What's that got to do with women's rights or negroes' rights? If my cup won't hold but a pint, and yours holds a quart, wouldn't you be mean not to let me have my little half measure full?
Then that little man in black there, he says women can't have as much rights as men, 'cause Christ wasn't a woman! Where did your Christ come from? Where did your Christ come from? From God and a woman! Man had nothing to do with Him."
Only one of these is an example of a slippery slope:
1. A cat who has roamed freely around a house speaks to a mouse who is hiding behind the wall. Through the hole in the wall, the cat says to the mouse, "I know you don't have any food in there, so if you don't come out, you'll starve."
2. If a Republican is elected, they will abolish abortion. If abortion is abolished, women will be forced to get abortions from amateur surgeons. If women get abortions from amateur surgeons, the abortions might not work, women will die, or we'll be inundated with deformed babies.
3. My governor was a Democrat, and he drove up our state debt giving money to welfare recipients. So if a Democrat is elected president, he'll drive up the national debt giving money to welfare recipients, too.
4. You can’t prove that there aren’t Martians living in caves under the surface of Mars, so it is reasonable for me to believe there are.
What is #2?
This quote is an example of this literary device:
"Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her appearance."
What is understatement?
The effect of repetition in a piece of rhetoric is primarily to do one of these TWO things.
What is to help emphasize a point and give rhythm to the speech/text?
Type of secondhand evidence that includes verifiable facts a writer knows from investigation and research (helps establish ethos)
What is historical information?
The two rhetorical appeal most prominently displayed here (IN ORDER):
What is ethos and pathos?
The fallacy most prominently displayed in this ad:
What is appeal to authority?
The effect of using antithesis in a speech. For example, "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind."
What is highlights stark differences between opposing ideas which can make it obvious which idea is better.
The difference between "I will address that issue right away" and "you got it" (use "vs." in your response)
Type of secondhand evidence that can be represented in numbers (stats, surveys, polls, etc.). Appeals to logos.
What is quantitative evidence?
"My three decades of experience in public service, my tireless commitment to the people of this community, and my willingness to reach across the aisle and cooperate with the opposition, make me the ideal candidate for your mayor."
What is an appeal to ethos?
“We put animals who are in irreversible pain out of their misery, so we should do the same for people!”
What is faulty analogy?
The literary device used by Ronald Reagan in his inaugural address:
“But there are many mountains yet to climb. We will not rest until every American enjoys the fullness of freedom, dignity, and opportunity as our birthright.”
What is a metaphor?
This affects the pace of a speech/text. For example, short, clipped phrases and sentences tend to create a feeling of quickness, decisiveness, and speed to a piece.
What is syntax?
Expert opinion (someone who has published research on a topic/has specialized knowledge) is this type of evidence
What is secondhand evidence?
The following video PRIMARILY relies on this appeal:
What is logos?
'We will bring our enemies to justice, or we will bring justice to them!"
What is equivocation fallacy?
The literary device being used and the reference it is making in this excerpt from Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird:
"'Are we poor, Atticus?'
Atticus nodded. 'We are indeed.'
Jem's nose wrinkled. 'Are we as poor as the Cunninghams?'
'Not exactly. The Cunninghams are country folks, farmers, and the crash hit them hardest.'"
What is an allusion to the 1929 stock market crash, which resulted in the Great Depression?
There are two terms in the following definition. Separate them by using the VS. abbreviation:
A form of logical reasoning wherein a general principle is applied to a specific case
VS.
Making a generalization based on specific evidence at hand.
What is deductive vs. inductive reasoning?