Pharma. of Inhaled Anes
The direction of shunting required to slow induction
What is R->L
The number of body tissue compartments
What is four (vessel rich, muscle, fat, vessel poor)
What pharmacokinetics describes
What is what the body does to the drugs (metabolism, excretion, distribution, absorption)
The Number of elimination half times necessary for 97% clearance
What is five
Effect of increasing BMI on necessary dose of muscle relaxant
What is no change
The pH at which 50% of a drug is ionized
What is pKa
The X-Axis & Y Axis
What is dose and intensity of effect
Benzodiazapines, Propofol, and Barbituates all work on this receptor
What is GABA (A)
The two major elimination methods of Halothane
What is metabolism and ventilation
The % body mass of a 70kg adult and % blood flow of the vessel rich group
What is 10/75
One reason for large differences between effective oral and IV doses
What is first pass hepatic effect
The principle mechanisms responsible for awakening after a single bolus of thiopental
What is redistribution
Effect of decreasing # of receptors on effective dose for an agonist
What is up (increased dose required)
The time necessary for the plasma concentration to decrease 50% during elimination
What is elimination half time
The plateau signifies this
What is maximal effect (ceiling effect)
A decreased response to a given dose of a drug may be due to a change in the number of receptors, or
What is change in the responsiveness of the receptor
This effect is responsible for the transient increase in PaO2 associated with nitrous oxide administration
What is second gas effect
The % body mass and % blood flow of vessel poor group
What is 20/1
Basic drugs in the blood usually bind to this protein
What is α1-acid glycoprotein
This describes the change in half-life after continuous exposure to a drug over a period of time
What is context sensitive half-time
Effect on half life for prolonged infusions of remifentanil
What is no change
An equal mixture of two enantiomers is this sort of mixture
What is racemic
Location of a perfect antagonist
What is X-axis
Sterospecificity is responsible for the effect of this a-agonist on the MAC of Halothane
What is dexmedetomidine
Transfer of anesthetic from the machine to alveoli is dependent on the characteristics of the breathing system, Alveolar ventilation and this
What is inspired partial pressure
The ED95 for movement with skin incision for isoflurane
What is 1.3
Metabolism by phase I reaction includes these types of processes
What is oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
One of the three reasons a drug may not pass easily into tissues and peripheral compartments
What is binding to plasma protein, Ionization, Low lipid solubility
Effect of decreasing effect site equilibration time on time to effect
What is down
Therapeutic Index
What is LD 50/ED 50
A steep slope indicates this
What is small increases in dose have large increases of effect, potential for toxicity is high
The term used to describe the prolongation of action of one drug by another
What is the time synergism
The characteristics of the anesthetic system that influence the rate of rise of PA are the volume of the system, the gas flow, and this
What is solubility into plastic
When delivering 75% nitrous oxide, how long it takes to double the size of a closed space
What is ten minutes
Name 7 of 8 sites of excretion
What are kidneys, lungs, skin, bile, intestines, breast milk, saliva, sweat, tears
The cytochrome which is responsible for metabolism of opiates
What is P4503A4
Effect of tricyclic antidepressants on MAC
What is up (increased)
Dose of Drug/
Plasma Concentration
What is volume of distribution
Increased affinity for a receptor shifts the curve in this direction
What is to the left
Evidence that inhaled anesthetics work by receptors
What is have isomers of differing potencies, or increasing lipid solubility does not increase anesthetic potency (decreases)