Biomolecules
This biomolecule, such as glucose or starch, is the cell's primary source of quick energy.
What are carbohydrates
The biological process of maintaining a stable, balanced internal environment inside a cell or organism.
What is homeostasis?
Often called the "powerhouse" of the cell, this organelle generates usable ATP energy through cellular respiration.
What is the mitochondria?
The main energy-carrying molecule created during cellular respiration that fuels cellular work.
What is ATP? (adenosine tri phosphate)
Enzymes belong to this major class of biomolecules.
What are proteins?
Uncontrolled cell division caused by disruptions in cell cycle regulation leads to this disease.
What is cancer?
These hydrophobic biomolecules, including fats and oils, provide long-term energy storage and make up the cell membrane.
What are lipids?
The movement of solute molecules across a membrane from high to low concentration without using cellular energy.
What is passive transport (or diffusion)?
Tiny organelles present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that assemble proteins.
What are ribosomes?
The gas reactant required for aerobic cellular respiration, which is released as a product during photosynthesis.
What is oxygen?
Enzymes act as biological catalysts, meaning they speed up chemical reactions by lowering this specific energy barrier.
What is activation energy?
During the S phase of interphase, the cell doubles its genetic material through this critical molecular process.
What is DNA replication?
Made of monomers called amino acids, these biomolecules build cell structures and power cellular machinery.
What are proteins?
The specific term for the passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for intracellular transport or secretion.
What is the Golgi apparatus (body)?
This gas is taken in by photosynthetic organisms and released as waste during cellular respiration.
What is carbon dioxide? (CO2)
The specific reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme during a chemical reaction.
What is a substrate?
What is interphase?
DNA and RNA belong to this biomolecule group, which stores and transmits genetic information.
What are nucleic acids?
Cellular transport that requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient (low to high).
What is active transport?
Unlike eukaryotic cells, these simpler single-celled organisms lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
What are prokaryotic cells
Based on conservation of matter, these two chemical molecules are the inputs/reactants of cellular respiration and the outputs/products of photosynthesis.
What are glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2)?
The specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction takes place.
What is the active site?
The final step of cell division where the cell's cytoplasm splits to form two separate daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
This specific monomer consists of a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
What are nucleotides?
A form of active transport where a cell engulfs large particles or fluids by folding its membrane inward.
What is endocytosis?
Plant cells feature a large central version of this membrane-bound organelle used primarily for water storage.
What is a vacuole?
The anaerobic process cells use to produce small amounts of ATP when oxygen is unavailable.
What is fermentation?
Extreme heat or unfavorable pH levels alter an enzyme's 3D shape and destroy its function, a process called this.
What is denaturing?
Regulatory molecular stop-and-go signals in the cell cycle that verify whether a cell is ready to proceed to the next phase.
What are checkpoints?