Pillars of Faith
Islam requires fasting during this holy time
Ramadan
The revelation given to the prophet Muhammad led to the composition of this book, considered holy by Muslims
The Koran
This Sunni Muslim empire spread across the Middle East and North Africa, eventually colonizing Spain and Portugal, which they called al-Andalus.
The Umayyad Dynasty
Although women could become educated and were responsible for their own moral lives, women under Islamic caliphates typically could not:
Hold positions of power outside of the home
Dress in an immodest way
Travel extensively without male escort
Muslim astronomers studied the phases of the moon, constellations, and the length of the year, in part because it assisted them with
a. determining religious dates, especially Ramadan
b. aided in agriculture due to the predictability of the seasons
A translation of a common Muslim prayer is "There is no other God but God." This illustrates Islamic belief in this type of religion, as a central part of their faith.
Monotheism
Although Islam grew in popularity in Mecca, Muhammad and his followers were forced to flee due to this:
Conflict over Muslim intolerance of other religions
Monotheism vs. Polytheism
This Sunni empire spread from its center in Baghdad, which was a center of religion, learning, trade, and technology during their golden era.
The Abbasid Empire
Sufis practice Islam in such a way that it often includes this physical activity, in addition to prayer.
Dancing
Muslim mathematicians passed these two innovations on to Europeans by way of the Silk Road
a. Arabic (Indian) numerals
b. Algebra
This pillar of Islam illustrates the idea that all people are equal in the eyes of God, and therefore must be generous to one another, especially the needy.
Charity, alms
Muhammad's flight to Medina is called
The Hegira
This Shia empire was centered in Persia, where spectacular palaces, artwork, and tapestries based on geometric patterns became popular.
The Safavid Empire
Jews and Christians are tolerated in Muslim empires due to their status as this:
Muslim philosophers sought to teach ancient wisdom alongside their culture by uniting Islamic philosophy with this:
Greek philosophy, especially that of Aristotle
Muslims are called to do this five times a day, facing a particular direction
Pray in the direction of Mecca
After Muhammad's death, a conflict arose among Muslims over this issue, resulting in the split between Sunni and Shia Muslims.
Who was to be the next caliph, the leader of a prominent family (Sunni)or a descendant of the prophet's (Shia)?
This Sunni empire conquered much of the Byzantine Empire, including its famous Christian capital city Constantinople.
When this empire took over Christian lands, were enslaved to serve as soldiers and guards in distant parts of the empire.
The Ottoman Empire
Besides astronomy and mathematics, Islamic scholars studied these non-fiction subjects, which aided them greatly in trade with other countries
Geography and history
This pillar of Islam may only be practiced in Mecca itself, at the Qaaba (Kaaba).
Pilgrimage
This branch of Islam split from the majority after the murder of Ali, the prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law.
Shia Islam. The majority group was called Sunni.
Trade flourished within these empires, partly as a result of the spread of this language
Arabic
Although they disagree about the divinity of Jesus, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all agree on:
a. The existence of one God
b. The idea that all three of their religions trace their origins to the biblical figure Abraham.
c. Most of the stories found in the Old Testament
The title of this classic work of folktales and fantasy was commonly confused by Mr. Jones with the theme song of the film, "Aladdin".
This is not too surprising, as the story that inspired "Aladdin" also comes from the same work.
"One Thousand and One Nights"