Cell Cycle
The longest process in the Cell Cycle (20 hours) and takes place before Mitosis occurs.
What is Interphase (IPMAT)?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase (PMAT).
What are the 4 processes of Mitosis?
Prompts a continuous process of more change. Cells use this to differentiate
What are signals?
A disease in which abnormal body cells divide without control and invade and damage other tissues.
What is Cancer?
Completes a full stage of the Cell Cycle.
What is Cytokinesis?
The order in which DNA structure is ordered from smallest to largest.
What does the order of DNA, Chromatin, Sister Chromatids, and Chromosomes represent?
A single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
What is the end result of Mitosis?
Once a cell develops into their specialized form, by taking the traits of their chosen speciality, they cannot change.
Can a cell change their chosen speciality?
Growing older, tobacco, sunlight, ionizing radiation, certain chemicals, some viruses and bacteria, certain hormones, family history or cancer, alcohol consumption, and a poor diet.
What are risk factors for cancer?
One nucleus ends up in each daughter cell.
What does Cytokinesis ensure?
A process cells endure through as they grow and divide.
What is the Cell Cycle?
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
What happens during Prophase?
Plants: roots, stem, and leaf cells.
Animals: blood, muscle, and epithelium cells.
What are examples of specialized cells in organisms?
A process that limits cell growth when cells come in contact with each other; when 2 cells come in contact, they prevent each other from dividing. Cancer cells do NOT experience this.
What is Contact Inhibition?
The Plasma Membrane pinches inward splitting into 2 cells.
What is the process of Cytokinesis?
Gap1: Growth and Development
Synthesis: Chromosomes replicate (DNA replication)
Gap2: Links the 2 Sister Chromatids together
Mitosis: 2 Daughter Cells genetically identical to the Original Cell
What events occur during the main stages of Interphase?
Grabs the Sister Chromatids and pull them to the opposite ends of the Cell during Anaphase.
What are the purpose of the spindles?
The cell will disregard the unnecessary parts of DNA that are unrelated to their specialized role.
What happens to DNA after a cell has undergone differentiation?
When cells don't respond appropriately to the signals that control normal cell behavior, cancer cells grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner, invading normal tissues and organs and eventually spreading throughout the body.
What disruptions in the Cell Cycle cause cancer?
Cytokinesis begins during the nuclear division phase.
What is Anaphase?
It allows multicellular organisms to survive, grow, and divide. It also allows single celled organisms to reproduce.
What is the importance of the Cell Cycle regarding organisms?
A parent cell with 4 chromosomes, produces 2 identical daughter cells with 4 chromosomes each.
What is the process of mitotic cell division?
RNA acts as a messenger. RNA carries instructions from DNA to control synthesis of proteins.
DNA carries the genetic information.
What are the roles of RNA and DNA during differentiation?
Develops from an excess of cell division and growth in the body?
Benign ___: remains confined to its original location, and does not spread to other parts of the body. They can also be removed surgically.
Malignant ___: able to spread to throughout the body. These tumors are considered cancerous.
What are Tumors?
The membrane forms a furrow, or trench, that is pulled inward by tiny filaments, like a drawstring. Gradually, the membrane pinches closed, forming a separate Cell around each nucleus.
What is Cytokinesis in Animal Cells?