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Vocab
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Speciation
(Rock Of Ages)^(-1)
100
The Hardy-Weinberg equation that addresses allele frequencies.
What is p+q=1
100
Change in allele frequencies over time.
What is evolution
100
Type of selection that explains how there is an "optimum-sized" egg for survival (i.e. eggs that are too big or too small are selectively unfavorable).
What is stabilizing selection
100
The most important factor in the isolation of sexually-reproducing lineages.
What is reproductive isolation
100
This is the practice of using measurable, remnant amounts of radioactive isotopes of various elements to determine the age of rock layers and deposits.
What is radiometric dating
200
This part of the Hardy Weinberg equation corresponds with the amount of heterozygotes in a population.
What is 2pq
200
Morphological traits in two or more different, related species that were inherited from a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures
200
A product of directional selection acting on a small amount of DNA in organisms with high reproductive rates/generational "turn-over", these cause numerous problems in the medical community.
What are antibiotic resistant bacteria
200
Many pairs of these might often be found on either side of the geographic barrier that contributed to allopatric speciation of ancestral populations.
What are sister species
200
This event in the geologic record saw incredible evolutionary radiation, and in a span of about 60 million years, many of the major animal groups represented today first appeared.
What is the Cambrian explosion
300
The allele frequency of a dominant allele, if a population of 100 total individuals has 16 that are phenotypically recessive.
What is p=0.6
300
A: Morphological traits in two or more unrelated species that evolved independently in the evolutionary history of each. B: Two examples of events leading to the generation of these traits.
What is A: Analogous structures B: Convergent evolution and evolutionary reversal
300
Animals like peacocks, cardinals, and humans can never truly be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because of this type of selection.
What is sexual selection
300
In many closely-related sympatric species, distinct mating "seasons" occur at different times throughout the year. How does this maintain the separation of the species, and of what type of isolating mechanism is it an example?
They mate at different times of year, so they don't have the opportunity to produce hybrid individuals; temporal isolation/pre-zygotic isolating mechanism.
300
Scientists believe that increasing amounts of this allowed for larger and more complex organisms to evolve throughout earth's history.
What is atmospheric oxygen
400
A: The genotypic frequency of individuals that will be resistant to malaria if 9% of their population has a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss). B: The term for this type of selective phenomenon.
What is A: 0.42 B: Heterozygote advantage
400
When two groups within a population become reproductively isolated from each other without physical or geographical separation.
What is sympatric speciation
400
A cladogram is a representation of species' evolutionary history. Use the table to construct a cladogram.
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400
Ernst Mayr first proposed this idea, calling species "groups of actually or potentially interbreeding" populations that are "reproductively isolated from other such groups."
What is the biological species concept
400
Volcanic activity, climate change, extraterrestrial activity (meteorite impacts), and this geophysical science - still at work today - all worked together throughout geologic history to change the earth's environment, bring about mass extinctions, and apply selective pressures to populations.
What is plate tectonics
500
These are the 5 conditions that must be met in order for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
What are 1. No mutation 2. No preferential selection among phenotypes 3. No gene flow 4. Infinitely large population 5. No non-random mating
500
Term describing an isolating mechanism that prevents the generation of hybrid individuals.
What is a pre-zygotic barrier
500
This type of event can lead to periods of rapid diversification (or adaptive radiation) of life on earth by altering ecologies and "freeing up" resources.
What is a mass extinction
500
A: These scientists performed extensive studies of Darwin's famed Galapagos finches, successfully measuring evolution in the birds over several decades of research. B: They claim that this event provides an explanation for the variety of finch species present on the islands.
A: Peter and Rosemary Grant B: allopatric speciation/adaptive radiation
500
This is the method of using the age of surrounding rocks to date fossils.
What is stratigraphy
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