History
Said “Contrary to the views held by some,
I am sure that the techniques of organic
farming cannot be imprisoned in a rigid
set of rules. They depend essentially
on the outlook of the farmer. Without a
positive and ecological approach it is not
possible to farm organically.”
Who is Lady Eve Balfour
Reason why some potting mixes are not allowed in organic production
What is the inclusion of prohibited materials (e.g. synthetic fertilizers, wetting agents, etc.).
The acronym IFOAM
What is the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM)
Definition of sustainable agriculture
What is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Description of the period when founders laid out how people can healthily nourish themselves whilst protecting the environment & biodiversity.
What is organic 1.0
Pioneer in regenerative agriculture and person who started the Rodale Institute?
Who is Robert Rodale?
State with the greatest sales of organic productions
What is California?
US organic sales reached a new high of _____ in 2018
What is $50 billion
Two of the four characteristics of good potting mix
What are
•Very light
•High water and air holding capacity
•Free of disease and weeds
•Low decomposition rate
Year that IFOAM was founded
What is 1972?
Founder of the Soil Association
Who is Lady Eve Balfour?
Top organic product sold in US in terms of sales
What is organic milk?
Founder of Soul Fire Farm and author of "Farming While Black"
Who is Leah Penniman?
Four principles of organic agriculture from IFOAM
What is Health, Ecology, Fairness, and Care
Book published in 1962 that sparked concern over pesticide use
What is "Silent Spring"
Important event in this history of organic agriculture in the US in 1990
What is Congress passed the Organic Foods Production Act (OFPA)
Country with the highest % of organic agriculture land
What is Liechtenstein?
Policy interventions to drive sustainability in agriculture and food systems
What is 1) supporting transformative systems while improving their performance, 2) stimulating demand for more sustainable products, 3) incentivizing improvements in all systems, and 4) raising legal requirements and industry norms.
Five dimensions of truly sustainable farming
and value chains.
What are Ecology, Society, Culture, Accountability, and Economy
What is 'Report and Recommendations on Organic Farming' (1980)
Name of period when new varieties of wheat that were shorter were developed and agriculture productivity increased dramatically. Norman Borlog is the "father" of this period
What is the Green Revolution
List 2 of the 10 challenges of Organic 2.0
1) Organic is too small to have a big impact.
2) There is a low rate of conversion to organic agriculture
3) Average yield is lower than in comparable conventional systems.
4) Organic standards set minimum requirements and not a high target
5) Not all production techniques allowed under standards and certification fully meet the organic principles.
6) Certification, third party verification, detailed standards and related bureaucracy have imposed an
unpractical burden on farmers and the value chain.
7) The certification system can`t fully avoid fraud, especially in longer chains.
8) Some high priority areas (e.g., fairness) are not directly regulated
9) Ecosystem services and other common goods are
often not rewarded.
10) Does not sufficiently cover other sustainability dimensions and is rarely considered by policy makers as an option for mainstream agriculture strategies.
List 3 of the 7 sustainable development goals that organic agriculture can contribute to
What are:
SDG 1, No Poverty;
SDG 2, Zero Hunger;
SDG 3, Good Health and Wellbeing;
SDG 6, Clean Water and Sanitation;
SDG 12, Responsible Consumption and Production;
SDG 13, Climate Action; and
SDG 15, Life on Land
Three of the six main features of the Organic 3.0 strategy
What are:
#1 A culture of innovation
#2 Continuous improvement towards best practice
#3 Diverse ways to ensure transparent integrity
#4 Inclusive of wider sustainability interests
#5 Holistic empowerment from farm to final consumer
#6 True value and cost accounting
Two main crop production constraints in organic agriculture
What are weed management and supplying enough nitrogen to the crop