Mechanisms of Action
These medications interact primarily with dopamine receptors.
What are first-generation antipsychotics?
(Stahl, 2021)
These medications were the first pharmacologic therapies for schizophrenia.
What are first-generation antipsychotics?
(Stahl, 2021)
Symptoms of slowed movements, restlessness, tremor, and muscle stiffness are known as ______________.
What are extrapyramidal symptoms?
(Stahl, 2021)
This sometimes permanent effect of antipsychotics causes involuntary movements of the face and tongue muscles and jerking movements in the extremities.
What is tardive dyskinesia?
(Stahl, 2021)
These medications interact with both dopamine and serotonin receptors.
What are second-generation antipsychotics?
(Stahl, 2021)
This class of medications is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.
What are second-generation antipsychotics?
(Stahl, 2021)
A combination of hypertension, elevated HA1C, increased waist circumference, and elevated cholesterol levels.
What is metabolic syndrome?
(Fahed et al., 2022)
This adverse reaction causes severe restlessness and inability to sit still but resolves after stopping the medication.
What is akathisia?
(Stahl, 2021)
Antipsychotic medications treat psychosis by blocking dopamine receptors in the _________, which also regulates our behaviors and emotions.
What is the limbic system?
(Stahl, 2021)
Some antipsychotic medications, including Haldol (haloperidol) and Geodon (ziprasidone), are administered via injection in emergencies to treat ____________.
What is agitation?
(Stahl, 2017)
Patients taking antipsychotics, and especially Clozapine, should be screened for this GI complication at every visit.
What is constipation?
(Stahl, 2021)
Second-generation antipsychotic medications carry a _________________ indicating an increased risk of death in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis.
What is black box warning?
(Kales et al., 2012)
Movement disorders are caused by blocking _______ receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway.
What is dopamine?
(Stahl, 2021)
These medications are often prescribed to improve medication adherence.
What are long-acting injectables?
(Zolezzi et al., 2021)
Most antipsychotics cause some level of _________, but this side effect is most pronounced with Clozaril (clozapine), Seroquel (quetiapine), and Zyprexa (olanzapine).
What is sedation?
(Stahl, 2021)
This potentially fatal reaction to antipsychotic medications causes mental status changes, high fever, muscle rigidity, and coma.
What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
(Stahl, 2021)
Involvement of this neurotransmitter is responsible for the metabolic side effects of second-generation antipsychotics.
What is serotonin?
(Stahl, 2021)
This medication is considered the "gold-standard" for efficacy in treating schizophrenia.
What is Clozapine?
(Stahl, 2021)
Some antipsychotics can elevate this hormone, which causes breast secretions (galactorrhea) and can cause irregular periods and fertility problems in women.
What is prolactin?
(Stahl, 2021)
Patients taking Clozapine must be enrolled in REMS and have regular lab monitoring because of the risk of this reaction.
What is agranulocytosis?
(Stahl, 2021)