Problem-Solving
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Decision Making
Miscellaneous
100
True or False: The game Tic Tac Toe is an example of reproductive thinking
True
100
Based on given statements, a conclusion is sure to be Valid or Invalid
What is Valid
100
Inductive reasoning doesn't require new information
False
100
People are good at predicting emotions
False
100
True or False: Sleep is important for memory and brain function
True
200
Slicely Thinned is example of what type of speech error A)Phoneme exchange B)Spoonism C)Preservation D)Morpheme exchange
D
200
Which of the following are valid argument structures A. Affirming the antecedent B. Denying the antecedent C. Affirming the consequent D. Denying the consequent
What is A & D- Affirming the antecedent and denying the consequent
200
What heuristic can lead to stereotyping? A) Availability B) Representativeness or C) Anchoring & Adjustment
B) Representativeness
200
What experiment tested participants by using scenarios in terms of gains and losses? A) Framing Experiment B) More Alternatives Experiment C) Vacation Experiment or D) Predicting Emotions Experiment
A) Framing Experiment
200
When given statements have a conclusion that is PROBABLY true, it is_____?
A)Deductive reasoning, B)Validity C)Inductive reasoning D)Truth
300
What is the inability to think about or use an object in a way other than the way it is commonly used
Functional fixedness
300
The syllogism that involves drawing circles to determine if it's logically valid.
What is Categorical
300
What heuristic is often used when assessing frequencies or the plausibility of an event?
Availability
300
We often base decisions on predicted emotions. An example of this would be: avoidance of _____
Regret
300
There are two types of syllogisms, categorical and _________.
Conditional
400
What were the results of the Sleep Experiment?
Out of all of the three groups (daytime wakefulness, nocturnal wakefulness and nocturnal sleep) those who were in the nocturnal sleep group gained more insight over the others. Sleep is important!
400
What makes a conclusion valid?
What is it must logically follow its premise
400
What happens when we base decisions simply on what comes to mind the most easily?
Anedotal information and illusory correlations
400
What does the term "utilities" refer to?
Anything important to an individual
400
What do the results of the framing experiment mean?
People will chose to get definitive positive answers but are willing to take the risk when hearing a negative decision. Many people are easily persuaded therefore inconsistent.
500
Explain what the main question from the tumor problem is and give the answer. What is the importance of this problem-solving activity?
Q: What type of procedure might be used to destroy the tumor with the rays and at the same time avoid destroying the healthy tissue? A:Using multiple low, focused levels of rays that destroy the tumor without damaging the skin. Explanation: People have difficulty in recognizing that one problem can be used to solve another. 30% of the participants solved the problem after hearing the fortress passage and 75% of the participants solved the problem when told to use passage to solve it.
500
Describe the take-home message of the Belief Bias Experiment
What is the believability of the argument biases people on whether the argument is actually valid or not.
500
What is the procedure and the results of the Availability Heuristic Experiment?
Procedure- Participants hear a list of names in 1 of 2 conditions. 1: Famous men (12 famous men & 14 non-famous women) 2: Famous women (12 famous women & 14 non-famous men). They were asked if there were more men/women in the list. Results- Participants were more likely to say that there were more men in the first condition and more women in the second condition.
500
Explain the method and results of the Vacation Experiment
Method- Participants were asked to decide whether or not to purchase a vacation package at the end of the semester after they find out they either passed or failed the exam. Results- Participants still bought the package whether or not they failed.
500
Explain the More Alternatives Experiment
Participants asked to consider buying a CD player in two different scenarios: Scenario A: choosing between a discounted Sony or waiting to learn about other models Scenario B: choosing a discounted Sony, a newer and better discounted Aiwa or waiting to learn about other models Results: A) More people bought Sony B) More people decided to wait and learn about other models
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