definitions
What was The Agricultural Revolution?
The term "agricultural revolution" refers to a number of changes in society that originally made it possible for people to switch from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and animal domestication.
What was The Industrial Revolution?
In modern history, the Industrial Revolution was the transition from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine production.
What is Mercantilism?
Governments used their economy to strengthen state power at the expense of other nations in a process known as mercantilism.
What was The Middle Passage?
The forced crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by slaves from Africa to America.
Who was William Wilberforce?
He was a significant figure in the fight to end the slave trade and later slavery itself in British colonies starting in 1787. He was a British politician and philanthropist.
What were The Enclosure Acts?
A number of British Acts of Parliament that enclosed open fields and common land gave previously unclaimed land in the nation legal property rights.
What was The Spinning Jenny?
Hargreaves constructed what is now known as the Spinning-Jenny in 1764. Using eight spindles, the machine spun thread from a matching set of fibers.
What was The Domestic System?
It was a manufacturing method where workers produced goods at home using resources provided by their employers.
Who was James Watt?
He was a Scottish inventor who made the separate condenser and parallel the motion.
What was The Steam Engine?
Thomas Savery received a patent in 1698 for a steam-powered pump with manually operated valves for collecting water from mines.
What was The Atlantic Slave Trade?
Between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Africans were transported by the transatlantic slave trade, a part of the global slave trade, from the 16th to the 19th centuries to America.
What is a fossil fuel?
Fossil fuels are made from decomposing plants and animals that can be burned for energy.
Who was Louis Pasteur?
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who discovered the principles of vaccination.
Who was Charles Darwin?
He is a famous scientist, known for discovering the theory of natural selection.
What was Social Darwinism?
The concept of "survival of the fittest," according to Social Darwinists, holds that some people rise to power in society as a result of their supposed superiority.
Who was Thomas Edison?
He was an American Inventor who discovered the light bulb.
What are coal mines?
A coal mine extracts coal from the surface of Earth and underground.
What is child labor?
The use of children in business or industry, particularly when it is prohibited or regarded as cruel.
What is urbanization?
Urbanization is the process of making an area more urban. (a town or city.)
What is Socialism?
It is a political and economic system where property and production are owned by the state or government.
What is Capitalism?
A political or economic system where the area's trade and industry are controlled by private owners.
Adam Smith was known for creating the first comprehensive system of political economy, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, in 1776.
What is Laissez-faire?
Laissez-faire is a policy of letting things go on their own without interrupting.
Who was Karl Marx?
A German philosopher who discovered a theory that focuses on the struggle between capitalists and the working class.