Matter
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
What is a physical change?
A change that does not alter the substance's identity
What layers make up the atmosphere?
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere.
What is energy?
The ability to do work or cause change.
What is a chemical reaction?
A process in which substances change to form new ones.
What are the states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What is a chemical change?
A change where a new substance is formed.
What is the water cycle?
The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation
What are the main forms of energy?
Kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, and nuclear.
What are reactants and products?
Reactants are starting substances; products are formed substances.
What are the general properties of matter?
Mass, volume, and density
Give an example of a physical change.
Melting ice.
What are the main gases in the air?
Nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).
What is kinetic energy
Energy of motion
What is a chemical equation?
A representation of a chemical reaction using symbols.
What is the difference between mass and volume?
Mass is the amount of matter; volume is the space it occupies
Give an example of a chemical change.
Burning wood.
What is the function of the ozone layer?
It protects us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
What is potential energy?
Stored energy due to position or condition.
What does it mean to balance a chemical equation?
Making sure the number of atoms is the same on both sides.
What instrument is used to measure mass?
A balance or scale.
What are signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?
Color change, gas production, temperature change, precipitate formation.
What are the effects of air pollution?
Health problems, acid rain, global warming, damage to ecosystems.
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
What types of chemical reactions exist?
Synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, combustion.