Health Care Delivery
What are some of the major forces of change in US Health Care Delivery? (list 3)
cultural beliefs and values
advancement in technology
economic constraints
Define Health Care Reform
Major changes in government policy that expands coverage to the uninsured.
What role do physicians play in health care?
Physicians play a central role in healthcare by evaluating patients, prescribing treatment, and diagnosing abnormalities.
What is an Allied Health Professional?
A person who has received a certificate or associate’s, bachelor’s, or master’s degree; doctoral-level training; or post-baccalaureate training in a health care-related science and who has responsibility for the delivery of health or related services.
What is the significance of public health professionals?
Public health professionals focus on the health of the entire community rather than the individual. They seek to address issues such as accessibility to health care, and disease prevention and control.
The AMA (American Medical Association) was significant because
It protected the interests of doctors.
What is globalization?
Various forms of cross-border economic activities driven by production of goods and services.
How many specialties are there in dentistry and what are they?
8 specialties.
1. General Dentistry
2. Orthodontics
3. Endodontics
4. Pediatric Dentistry
5. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
6. Periodontics
7. Prosthodontics
8. Oral Pathology
What is the role of technicians and assistants?
Technicians and assistants receive less than 2 years of postsecondary education and are trained to perform procedures. They require the supervision of technologists and therapists in order to evaluate treatment.
What are the 5 core disciplines in public health education?
biostatistics, epidemiology, health services administration, health education /behavioral science, and environmental health.
Define and Integrated Delivery System (IDS)
Largest Healthcare Delivery system in America consisting of hospital stays, surgery, home care, long term care, and rehab.
What are some characteristics of medical services in preindustrial America?
Medical training and education were not grounded in science.
Primitive medical procedures were practiced.
Intense competition existed because any tradesman could practice medicine.
People relied on family members, neighbors, and publications for domestic remedies.
What are the 4 areas of specialization for APNs?(Advanced practice nurses)
1. Clinical Nurse Specialists (CNSs)
2. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs)
3. Nurse Practitioners (NPs)
4. Certified Nurse Midwives (CNMs)
What is the role of technologists and therapists?
They receive more advanced training.
This includes:
education in evaluating patients, diagnosing problems, and developing treatment plans.
They must also be trained to evaluate the appropriateness and potential side effects of therapy treatments and to teach procedural skills to technicians.
What is the role of community health care workers to the public?
CHWs play an important role in connecting public and primary care to their communities. They do this by linking the patient, healthcare system, and community by improving primary care.
Give two examples of how telecommunications are transforming the delivery of healthcare.
Telemedicine- provides healthcare from a distance, using advanced technology such as video examinations and telesurgery.
E-health- care services that are offered by health and non-health professionals.
Why is healthcare reform in a constant state of flux?
-ACA falling short of providing affordable care for all Americans
-Rising cost of insurance amongst employers
- Tax Cuts and Job Acts of 2017 signed law that all Americans must have health insurance, without predicting the rising cost of health insurance,
How has the role of pharmacists changed over the last 2 decades?
Pharmacists would at first only dispense and prepare prescriptions. Their duties now include drug product education and expertise on specific drugs, drug interactions, and generic drug substitution.
What are the minimum requirements needed to obtain licensure as an Occupational Therapist? (OT)
Possessing a bachelor’s or master’s degree in occupational therapy and passing a certification examination administered by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy.
What are the levels of Healthcare Administrators and what are their roles?
Health services administrators are employed at the top, middle, and entry levels of various organizations that deliver health services.
Top: Responsible for the operational, clinical, and financial outcomes of the organization.
Middle: leadership roles in major centers such as outpatient, surgical services, or nursing services, or they may be departmental managers in charge of diagnostics, dietary, rehabilitation, social services, environmental services, or medical records.
Entry: function as assistants to midlevel managers and supervise a small number of operatives.
How has corporatization affected the delivery of healthcare in the US?
Corporatization has passed health care on to large institutions, leading to a complex system of healthcare delivery.
What did the 5-4 Supreme Court ruling consist of in 2012?
-Constitutional for all Americans to obtain health insurance
- Unconstitutional for the federal government to pull funds from states who did not wish to expand Medicaid coverage
What is the significance of Nonphysician Practitioners? (NPP)
NPPs work closely with physicians, and can often substitute as a physician in primary care. However, they do not engage in the treatment of complex cases without physician expertise.
Why was the implementation of allied health professionals other than doctors and nurses necessary?
Such time constraints created a need to train other professionals as adjuncts to or substitutes for physicians and nurses. Allied health professionals receive specialized training, and their clinical interventions are meant to complement the work of physicians and nurses.
What circumstances is creating a demand for long term care management?
The growth of the elderly population and a shortage of qualified administrators.