Jeopardy Game (Exam #3)

Learning

100

If you study every day for an hour for your PSYC 2 exam, you are more likely to get a good grade which is an example of this type of reinforcer.

Secondary Reinforcers (include things like money, attention, flattery, praise, and applause)

200

Kids tend to imitate prosocial/antisocial behaviors from those who they view as credible or approachable such as parents, peers, other people, etc... (Examples: watching wrestling, language verbally expressed) This is Bandura's theory of learning based on the Bobo-doll experiment.

Observational Learning/Social Learning Theory (Modeling)

300

Based on Pavlov's theory of learning: "Classical Conditioning" (w/Dog), the food (US) & the response of the food-- salivation (UR). After repeated exposure of the neutral stimulus (sound of a bell-tone) with the company of food, the dog is likely to salivate (CR) when hearing the bell alone. The sound of the bell has now become what type of Pavlovian conditioning without having the presence of food.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

400

After Rachel came home from a long day at school, she exerted an extreme temper tantrum towards her parents because she got into an argument with her best friend; Rachel ended up telling her parents about the incident that happened between her and her friend. Rachel pushed Sally off her bike for no apparent reason. Her parents decided to give her a spanking for her unlawful behavior. Rachel's parents decided to take away their daughter's T.V. privileges and leisure time to go outside. This is a type of operant conditioning in which an event ("Spanking") following a response (parents removing privileges from daughter) weakens the tendency to make that response (temper tantrum from happening again-prevented).

Punishment (Decreases behavior-removed)

500

Driving in heavy traffic is a hassle for most of us. You leave home earlier than usual one morning and don't run into heavy traffic. You leave home again the next morning and again you avoid heavy traffic. Your behavior of leaving home earlier is strengthened by the consequences of the avoidance of heavy traffic. This is what type of operant conditioning technique.

Negative Reinforcement (eliminating negative consequences by doing something favorable) e.g. arriving to class on time to avoid losing points for mandatory attendance- class curriculum

Memory

100

A relatively permanent type of memory that holds huge amounts of information for a long period of time is _____________. A limited-capacity memory system in which information is retained for as long as 30 seconds is _______________.

Long-Term Memory (LTM); Short-Term Memory (STM)

200

Atkinson's & Shiffrin's Model of Memory is the view that memory involves a sequence of three stages: ______________ , ______________, & _____________ .

Sensory Memory= Holds information from the world (It is exposed to the visual, auditory, and other senses); Short-Term Memory= limited capacity to store information, info easily decayed without process of rehearsal; Long-Term Memory= unlimited capacity to store information (infinitely), unconscious, automatic (learned)

300

We can increase the capacity of Short-Term Memory (STM) by ____________ . *grouping information into meaningful units such as words, phrases, or numbers (easily stores info. even though material is complex)

chunking; Example: "FICAFLSAPPACA"--> "FICA" (Federal Insurance Contributions Act, "FLSA" (Fair Labor Standards Act), "PPACA" (Patient Protection and Affordability Care Act same as Obamacare): Legal Issues in Compensation & Benefits

400

The Taxonomy of Human Memory emphasizes much attention to ____________ memory. Given a list of questions: How many Great Lakes are there?, What is the CSUS mascot?, How do you juggle?, & What is a fork or spoon? These questions all tap into your ______________ memory.

Long-Term Memory (LTM); Semantic Memory (Facts, knowledge, or rules of information)

500

Dr. Roberts just moved into a new house where the silverware drawer is on the right side of the sink. In her old house, the silverware drawer was on the left side of the sink. For the next week, Dr. Roberts often goes to the left side of the sink to get silverware. This is due to what type of interference: ________________ .

Proactive Interference

Motivation

100

Label each one according to type of motivation: Writing short stories because you really enjoy writing them, reading a nonfiction book because you are curious about the topic, helping someone ride a bike..............Student getting A's in classes in order for parents to give allowance money, selecting a major in college based on salary and prestige rather than personal interest in the major.

Intrinsic Motivation & Extrinsic Motivation

200

In Maslow's Hierarchy/Pyramid of Needs, lower-level needs must be met before trying to satisfy higher-level needs.------- Our first need (bottom) is ________ and our last need (top) is __________ which is the most prominent need for all human beings to reach (summation of all of the other needs combined).

Physiological needs (Food/Water- Body maintenance) and Self-Actualization (Fulfillment of one's potential)

300

In reference to the film "Dying to Be Thin", people with this type of eating disorder tend to have health problems such as a decrease in their appetites, obsessions/critical concerns about their body image, and an irregular heart beat. People believe that they are fat and must excessively exercise to remove feelings of discomfort. Specifically, they experience high levels of anxiety and have excessive amounts of serotonin.

Anorexia Nervosa

400

Research suggests that there are several hormones involved in feeding regulation. There is especially strong evidence linking this hormone to appetite suppression. It is released when food enters the duodenum; it then seems to travel through the bloodstream to the brain where it acts to inhibit eating behavior. This hormone is found in the brain and stomach.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

500

According to the Dual Center Set-Point Model, we all get hungry at some point where we want the body to maintain satiety. Within this process, high insulin levels are occurring due to glucose levels (minimal/low) when the body needs food to energize itself. The ___________ is excited (lesioning) which increases eating. When our bodies are full, we stop eating which will result in a decrease in blood glucose. Later, stimulating the ____________ will induce eating and continue the hunger process all over again.

Ventromedial Hypothalamus (VMH) & Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)

Miscellaneous

100

The _______________ is a brain structure that is important in Short-Term Memory and making new memories. ____________ memory is diffuse throughout the brain.

Hippocampus; Long-Term Memory (LTM)

200

We tend to choose lovers based on looks, attitudes, beliefs, personalities, and interests.

Similarity

300

Given a list of 15 words to remember, people tend to recall the words at the beginning and end of the study list best. The advantage for early information is called the _____________ and the advantage for later information is called the _______________.

Primacy Effect; Recency Effect

400

1) Memories that are meaningful to conscious awareness (able to recall/effort knowing- e.g. phone #, your birthday) are called..." " 2) As for memories associated with feelings of knowing and familiarity that are not within consciousness .(e.g. knowing how to ride a bike- no need for recall because we learned through steps/procedures from previous experiences that it becomes automatic).

1) Explicit Memory; 2) Implicit Memory

500

BOARDWORK: Draw out the Taxonomy of Human Memory. (Label all parts for each category)

Long-Term Memory (LTM)--> Explicit Memory (conscious): Episodic & Semantic; Implicit Memory (unconscious): Procedural, Priming, & Classical Conditioning

Applied Problems

100

Provide your own example of Intrinsic & Extrinsic Motivation.

Student Inputs vary: e.g. Participation in community services/programs/organizations for the sake of helping people- making a difference without any tangible rewards(Intrinsic Motivation); Getting A's to receive allowance money from parents; doing something for the mere purpose of getting reward (Extrinsic Motivation)

200

Provide your own examples of Positive & Negative Reinforcement.

Positive Reinforcement: repeating a desirable behavior to achieve a positive outcome. Example: If Dr. Roberts is going to offer $1.00 every time you come to class. You will most likely attend each class visit to get reward. Negative Reinforcement: repeating a desirable behavior to avoid a negative outcome from happening. Example: Parents buying their child a Happy Meal from McDonald's to stop child from crying.

300

BOARDWORK: Draw out ALL 5 NEEDS of Maslow's Hierarchy/Pyramid of Needs.

1) Self-actualization, 2) Self-esteem, 3) Sense of Belongingness and Love needs, 4) Safety needs, & 5) Physiological needs

400

BOARDWORK: Provide your own examples of Ivan Pavlov's theory of Classical Conditioning by referencing: Neutral Stimulus+ UCS, UCR, CS, CR. (*Don't use Dog/Salivation or cow-bell/dad with kids examples from class)

Neutral Stimulus: Knocking on the door, UCS= sibling giving candy bar, UR= taking candy bar from sibling, CS (Neutral Stimulus + Conditioned Stimulus)= knocking on the door will be learned-- letting you know that the candy bar is coming, CR= learned association to receive candy bar

500

BOARDWORK: Draw out the Dual Center Set-Point Model of Hunger

Eating--> Increase in blood glucose--> Ventromedial hypothalamus turned on--> Satiety--> Eating Stops--> Decrease in blood glucose--> Lateral Hypothalamus turned on--> Hunger (Back to Eating)