Road to Revolution
What war from 1754–1763 left Britain in debt and caused new taxes? How did this debt lead to new taxes being placed on the colonists?
French and Indian War; Britain taxed colonies to pay the war debt.
Who sailed for Spain in 1492 and reached the Americas? What mistake did he make about where he landed?
Christopher Columbus; He thought he reached Asia (India)
What year was Plymouth founded? Why was it founded?
1620; for religious freedoms for the Pilgrims. was a accident. Lost at sea.
What colonies were nicknamed the “breadbasket colonies”? What crops gave them this nickname?
Middle Colonies; wheat, barley, oats, grains
Who wrote Common Sense, convincing colonists to seek independence? Was he a Loyalist or Patriot and why?
Thomas Paine; he was a Patriot because he argued that the colonies should break free from Britain and govern themselves.
What 1763 law banned colonists from moving west of the Appalachians? How did Patriots and Loyalists view the law differently?
Proclamation of 1763; Patriots thought it was unfair control; Loyalists thought it kept peace.
What was the movement of goods, people, and diseases between continents called? Name one good that went from the Americas to Europe.
Columbian Exchange; corn, potatoes, or similar crops
Who helped Jamestown survive with strict leadership and trading with Natives? Why was Jamestown founded?
John Smith; for profit and to expand England’s empire
Who founded Pennsylvania as a safe place for Quakers and promoted religious freedom? What is ONE thing Penn’s Frame of Government provided to colonists?
William Penn; elected assembly and religious freedom
What battle in 1777 is known as the turning point of the Revolution and why?
Saratoga; because the French joined the Continental Army.
What 1765 act taxed printed materials like newspapers and cards? How did colonists protest against it?
Stamp Act; boycotts
Which European nation focused on fur trade and good relations with Natives? How was their relationship with Natives different from Spain’s?
France; they built alliances instead of conquering. Traded with them.
What 1620 document established self-government among Pilgrims? It is considered a social-contract.
Mayflower Compact
What 1215 foreign document first limited the king’s power? Where was this document created?
Magna Carta; England
At what winter camp did Washington’s army suffer but emerge stronger? What foreign ally helped to train the Continental Army?
Valley Forge; Marquis De Lafayette
Which 1770 event left five colonists dead, including Crispus Attucks? Why was Crispus Attucks important?
Boston Massacre; The first casualty of the Revolution
What caused the most deaths among Native Americans after contact? Why did Europeans have an advantage against these diseases?
European diseases (smallpox, influenza); Europeans had some immunity from long exposure
Which crop, introduced by John Rolfe, made Jamestown profitable? What kind of crop is this AND which region of the 3 Colonial Regions is it mostly found?
Tobacco; Cash Crop and Southern
What was the first representative assembly in the colonies? Where was it established? BOTH the modern day and old name.
House of Burgess; Jamestown, Virginia
What final battle forced Cornwallis to surrender in 1781? Why did Britain give up?
Yorktown; The war was not worth fighting on their end. Too expensive.
What 1774 laws closed Boston Harbor and restricted town meetings? What did the Sons of Liberty do after these were passed?
Intolerable Acts; Met at the First Continental Congress
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America? MUST include the year. What hardships did early settlers face in Jamestown?
Jamestown (1607); Disease, starvation, conflict with the Native Americans, swampy land.
What was the deadly winter of 1609–1610 in Jamestown called? How did settlers survive?
The Starving Time; eating rats, mice, leather
What 1639 written constitution, by Thomas Hooker, introduced “consent of the governed”?
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
What 1783 treaty ended the Revolution? Name one result of it.
Treaty of Paris; U.S. recognized as independent, Britain withdrew troops, or borders set