design thinking
What kind of approach is design thinking?
Human-centered
What is the first stage in the 4D model?
Discover.
Describe what an empathy map shows.
It visualizes what the user says, thinks, does, and feels.
List two characteristics of divergent thinking.
Encourages exploration, focuses on quantity over quality.
What is the difference between open and closed ethnography?
Open ethnography occurs in a public setting, while closed ethnography involves limited access to a community, such as in a prison.
What is the purpose of testing in design thinking?
To try ideas with real users and gather feedback
What are the five stages of the Design Thinking process?
Answer: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test.
Describe what an empathy map shows.
It visualizes what the user says, thinks, does, and feels.
How does design thinking reduce risk?
By using rapid prototyping and testing to detect and fix flaws early
Explain why empathy is important in design thinking.
Empathy helps designers understand users' real needs and feelings, ensuring that solutions are human-centered.
Which model follows Discover, Define, Develop, Deliver?
Double Diamond model
Apply the empathy stage to redesign a school backpack.
Interview students and observe how they use their bags to understand pain points like weight and comfort.
Apply the design thinking mindset “Bias to Action” in an engineering project.
Quickly prototype a model and test it with users instead of spending weeks in planning.
How does design thinking reduce risk?
By prototyping and testing early to find flaws
What method would you use to observe a user during a task?
Contextual Inquiry
Which model includes 'Inspiration, Ideation, and Implementation' stages?
IDEO’s model
Analyze the role of ethnography in understanding user behaviour.
Ethnography allows designers to gain deeper insights into user contexts, improving problem understanding
How does convergent thinking narrow down ideas?
It evaluates ideas for feasibility and selects the most practical and impactful ones.
What’s the impact of a diverse team on idea generation in design thinking?
A diverse team brings different perspectives, enhancing creativity and solution effectiveness.
Identify differences between overt and covert ethnography.
Overt is transparent and ethical but may alter behavior; covert is realistic but can raise ethical issues.
Create a divergent idea to help commuters avoid traffic
A foldable electric scooter with GPS-triggered traffic alerts and auto-routing.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the “Fail fast, learn faster” principle.
It allows quick iteration and refinement, saving time and resources.
Propose a new ethnographic study to understand hospital staff behavior during night shifts.
Passive covert observation to record authentic behaviors, stress factors, and workflow challenges.
Formulate an empathy map for a college student preparing for final exams.
Says: "I’m stressed", Thinks: "I need better notes", Does: Studies at night, Feels: Anxious and tired.
Critically assess the Donut model in comparison with the Waterfall model in iterative design.
The Donut model allows looping and improvement, while Waterfall is rigid and less adaptive to change.