Important Peeps
This Age of Science leader has been labelled the "father of the scientific method," given his use of observation instead of just faith in nature:
Sir Francis Bacon
William of Orange and his wife Mary took over England in a revolt and did many great things for the nation, including overseeing the writing of which document:
The English Bill of Rights
Term that describes a system that saw the "mother country" (such as England) become wealthy off the work and supply by its colonies (such as in colonial America). Name this system:
Mercantilism
List at least three nations that fought over the New World territories:
Portugal, Britain, France, Spain, Netherlands (the Dutch)
With Columbus' first and succeeding journeys to the New World, he (unknowingly) brought diseases, as well as horses, guns, and many other items with him. He also took back turkeys, potatoes, and other goods. What is the name for this exchange of goods called?
Columbian Exchange
The first Europeans to reach Africa and start stealing slaves from the continent were from what nation?
Portugal
What was the focus of Cesare Beccaria's writings?
He wrote Crime and Punishment, which dealt with proper punishment for crimes as well as rehabilitation efforts.
A period of belief in in the power of science and reason over simple faith or superstition.
Age of Enlightenment
The overthrow of (Catholic) James II of England with (Protestant) William and Mary was the result of what conflict:
England's "Glorious Revolution"
The exchange of goods between Africa, the New World, and Europe including slaves, rum, tobacco, and sugar was known as the:
(Transatlantic) Trade Triangle
This Englishman had lots of ideas on the "rights of man," including that all men hold natural rights and should enjoy the freedoms of "life, liberty and property." Name him:
John Locke
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was written by:
Mary Wollstonecraft
Before there was Germany (in the 1870s), there was what nation:
Prussia
In the English Civil War, which king literally lost his head by Oliver Cromwell and his supporters?
Charles I
Mercantilism - which existed to enrich a nation at the expense of its colonies, would be replaced by laissez faire government policies ... Define laissez faire:
"Let them do it", or letting people pursue their own business approach with the government staying out of their business.
Whom did these groups from the English Civil War represent:
Cavaliers:
Roundheads:
Cavaliers: represented the monarchy
Roundheads: represented Parliament, the law-making body (like our Congress)
This document - prepared by King Henry IV - allowed Protestant worshippers in France many freedoms, including freedom of worship.
Edict of Nantes
Describe what the "Enlightenment" was about:
It was a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.
Why was Galileo imprisoned in his house? It had to do with the Catholic Church ...
Galileo stated that his support for a heliocentric universe, that the Earth revolves around the sun - not the prevailing thought of the Church that the Earth was the center of the universe.
The first European nation to enslave people from Africa was Portugal; which nation led the way in stealing from the New World, making itself very wealthy and powerful?
Spain
Ptolemy of Alexandria, Egypt, developed the Ptolemaic Universe reasoning. What was the sole WRONG factor with his reasoning?
He stated that the Earth - not the sun - was the center of the universe.
The "first great unification" combined Galileo's theories of gravity on Earth with whose theory on the laws of motion for celestial bodies (planets and stars)?
Johannes Kepler
Define the main belief of Cartesianism:
A species of rationalism, because Cartesians hold that knowledge can be derived through reason from innate ideas. It is thus opposed to the tradition of empiricism, in which all knowledge is based on sensory experience.
Which philosophe penned The Spirit of Laws, dealing with among other issues, the separation of powers in a government:
Baron de Montesquieu
Which nation controlled Brazil in South America?
Portugal