Eyes
How do you check for injuries in/around the eyes? - Name 3 different ways
Check for objects in the eyes, bruising or swelling around the eye, checking for response of the eye (Pupil dilation, equal pupils, tracking, reading numbers, words, etc.
What is a concussion caused by?
Head struck by object
Another person
Ground/Floor/Post/Wall
Ball/Bat/Stick/Puck
Causes deceleration or acceleration of brain in head
What do you do if you have Scalp/Face Lacerations?
Treat as any other cut
Clean, pressure, cover
Check to see if stitches are necessary
More common due to lack of fat padding
Might need plastic surgeon
What is Auricular Hematoma (Cauliflower ear)?
Fluid accumulation and hardening
Typically caused by repeated contusion or shearing of the cartilage.
May need to be drained (before hardens)
What are skull fractures caused by?
Caused by blunt trauma
What do you do if there is a foreign body in the eye?
Only remove if it is on the eyelid, flush eye with water, or close the eye and go to the doctor.
Name 3 symptoms of a concussion.
Headache (94%)
Tinnitus – ringing in ears
Nausea
Irritability
Confusion
Blurred Vision
Sleep and concentration (54%) disturbance
Balance issues (79%)
Disorientation
Dizziness (75% longest to recover)
LOC – loss of consciousness (shorter recovery)
Posttraumatic amnesia – can’t remember what occurred after the injury
Retrograde Amnesia – can’t remember what happened before injury
What happens when you have a Nasal fracture?
You are most likely to start bleeding - refer to a physician
what can a Middle Ear infection cause?
Pain in the ear, fever, headache, vertigo, nausea.
What is the Cerebellum?
Coordination of skeletal muscle
What is a Hyphema?
blood accumulates in the anterior chamber of the eye.
Name 3 ways to treat a concussion
Rest first 48 hrs (non rest doubles recovery time), after that moderate supervised activity
CT/MRIs are inconclusive
On the Sideline SCAT or SAC Tests
repeat to rule out hemorrhage
Post Concussion Scale Daily
Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening during the first few days to help identify progress and a plan
what do Temporomandibular Joints allow you to do?
Allows for mastication (chewing) and communication
what is the Rupture of Tympanic Membrane usually caused by?
Common in contact and swimming/diving sports
How many bones are in the skull?
Skull is composed of 22 bones
What is Acute Conjunctivitis?
an inflammation of the conjunctiva
When can an athlete return to play?
No concussion-related academic accommodations
-Symptom free x3 consecutive calendar days
-Return to baseline on ImPACT
-Graduated physical progression back to normal activity.
what is a Subdural Hematoma?
buildup of blood between the brain and the protective outer layer of the brain, the dura mater, often caused by a head injury, and can lead to pressure on the brain and potential damage.
What are the three things to care for/check for when you get a Nose injury?
Care for bleeding
Check for fracture
Check for signs of concussion
What is Meninges?
Meninges – three different membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord
Name four of the six parts of the eye.
Cornea – protective layer of eye
Iris – colored portion
Lens – stretches/adjusts to see different distances
Pupil – stretches/adjusts to see in different light/distances
Anterior Chamber – contains fluid in front part of eye to hold shape
Vitreous Humor – gives shape to eye
What is an Hematomas?
Epidural Hematoma
Bleeding between the dura and cranial bones
Tearing of meningeal arteries which causes blood accumulation and pressure on the brain.
Athletes symptoms gradually worsen
what is the mortality rate of Second Impact Syndrome?
50%
What is the drainage tube called that usually gets filled when you get an ear infection?
Eustachian tube.
What are the four lobes and what do they each do?
Frontal Lobe
Voluntary muscle movement, emotion, eye movement
Parietal Lobe
Sensation
Occipital Lobe
Vision
Temporal Lobe
Hearing, speech