AMR Facts
Pick the WRONG answer
Bacteria can acquire resistance to antibiotics...
a) through mutations in their genetic material
b) by incorporating human genes
c) by developing the ability to deactivate antibiotics
c) by developing mechanisms to discard antibiotics from its body
b) when bacterial DNA incorporates human genes
You can contribute to your hospital's AMR stewardship efforts by...
a) sending samples for microbiology testing every time an infection is suspected
b) reporting Hospital-Acquired Infection cases to the Infection Control Committee promptly
c) prescribing antibiotics as per the antibiotic policy of the hospital
d) All of the above
d) all of the above
What is the full form of HICC?
Which was the first mass-produced antibiotic?
a) Prontocil
b) Penicillin
c) Amoxicillin
d) Clindamycin
b) Penicillin
What proportion of AMR infections and deaths happen in children under the age of 5?
a) 1 in 10
b) 1 in 20
c) 1 in 5
d) 1 in 8
c) 1 in 5
As per studies, 58,000 newborns die due to AMR in India every year.
A report that summarizes the susceptibility of pathogenic organisms to antimicrobials is called _____
An Antibiogram
What's the full form of MRSA?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a type of bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics.
MRSA most often causes skin infections. In some cases, it causes pneumonia (lung infection) and other infections. If left untreated, MRSA infections can become severe and cause sepsis—the body’s extreme response to an infection. In hospital settings, it also causes bloodstream infections and surgical site infections along with pneumonia.
What makes a pathogen a superbug?
a) More contagious
b) More virulent
c) Resistance to multiple antimicrobials
d) All of the above
c) Resistance to multiple antimicrobials like antibiotics
I'm a Gram-negative bacteria and the most common cause of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). Resistance to amoxicillin is common among us, and some of my isolates may produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases that turn me into a superbug. Who am I?
Escherichia coli (E.coli)
According to recent studies, E. coli was responsible for the highest number of deaths worldwide in 2019 due to drug resistance.
The average percentage of E.coli resistant to Cephalosporin, a 3rd generation antibiotic, is a staggering 83%!
What would you do as a clinician if blood culture results were negative and an ongoing infection was not suspected?
Discontinue antibiotics after 48 hours
What's the full form of NDM-1?
New Delhi Metallo beta lactamase-1
NDM-1 is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family, which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Which of the following is a possible side effect of antibiotics?
a) Yeast Infection
b) A severe diarrheal infection called C. difficile infection
c) Allergic reaction
d) All of the above
The correct answer is (d), all of the above.
Common side effects of antibiotics can include rash, dizziness, nausea, diarrhoea, and yeast infections. More serious side effects include Clostridioides difficile infection (also called C. difficile or C. diff), which causes diarrhoea that can lead to severe colon damage and death. People can also have severe and life-threatening allergic reactions to antibiotics.
According to recent studies, what were the leading causes of death in 2019 in increasing order?
a) HIV<Diabetes<AMR<Heart disease
b) AMR<HIV<Diabetes<Heart disease
c) HIV<AMR<Diabetes<Heart disease
d) HIV<Diabetes<Heart disease<AMR
a) HIV<Diabetes<AMR<Heart disease
Global estimates show that in 2019, AMR killed more people than HIV and malaria combined.
Stroke and heart disease were the only two conditions that killed more people globally than AMR that year.
Which of the following factors is NOT considered when selecting the right antibiotic for a patient?
a) Albumin Levels
b) Allergies
c) Renal function
d) Site of infection
e) Local resistance patterns to antimicrobials
The correct answer is a) Albumin Levels
Patient-specific factors, such as age, allergies, renal function, site of infection, and local resistance patterns, need to be considered before prescribing an antibiotic
What's the full form of AMRSN?
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Research Network
The Indian Council of Medical Research initiated the AMRSN in 2013. The overarching aim of this network was to understand the extent and pattern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and use this evidence to guide strategies to control the spread of AMR.
Pick the WRONG answer.
Early antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease later in life, such as
a) allergy
b) atopic dermatitis
c) coeliac disease
d) diabetes
e) obesity
f) heart disease
f) heart disease
Studies show that early antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases later in life, such as allergy, atopic dermatitis, coeliac disease, diabetes, and obesity.