AMR Facts
An antibiotic that was used on "a policeman who grew roses".
This antibiotic is _________
(A scientist’s vacation that lead to the discovery of the antibiotic)
PENICILLINS
Sir Alexander Flemming realized that he had forgotten to place a petri dish in an incubator. As a result, an unusual mold was growing there. It was first used on a policeman who’d contracted a life-threatening infection after being scratched by a rosebush in his garden. The first human subject to use antibiotics!!
You can contribute to your hospital's AMR stewardship efforts by...
a) sending samples for microbiology testing every time an infection is suspected
b) reporting Hospital-Acquired Infection cases to the Infection Control Committee promptly
c) prescribing antibiotics as per the antibiotic policy of the hospital
d) All of the above
d) all of the above
What is the full form of HICC?
Which was the first mass-produced antibiotic?
a) Prontocil
b) Penicillin
c) Amoxicillin
d) Clindamycin
b) Penicillin
A 19Y/M came to your OPD with fever due to sore throat. What will you do?
Try to avoid prescribing Antibiotics as pharyngitis is most commonly caused by viruses and viruses are not killed by antibiotics.
It is advised to prescribe antibiotics after 5 days of unresolved fever.
What proportion of AMR infections and deaths happen in children under the age of 5?
a) 1 in 10
b) 1 in 20
c) 1 in 5
d) 1 in 8
c) 1 in 5
As per studies, 58,000 newborns die due to AMR in India every year.
During AST, what type of culture is preferred?
Lawn Culture is the most commonly used culture technique for antimicrobial sensitivity testing studies by microbiologists.
What's the full form of PAE?
Postantibiotic effect - PAE
This is the delay of growth of bacteria after a limited period of exposure to an antibiotic, after which the effect of the antibiotic is removed.
What makes a pathogen a superbug?
a) More contagious
b) More virulent
c) Resistance to multiple antimicrobials
d) All of the above
c) Resistance to multiple antimicrobials like antibiotics
A 20Y/F came with Ear ache and discharge to ENT OP.
What is your course of action for antibiotics administration?
(Give pain meds to relieve pain)
Start with a broad spectrum initially. Send discharge for microbiological culture and sensitivity testing following which choose the apt empirical treatment.
Which pathogen is NOT a superbug
a) Bordetella pertussis
b) Acinetobacter baumanii
c) Candida albicans
d) Clostridium botulinum
Causative agent for Pertussis in children
What would you do as a clinician if blood culture results were negative and an ongoing infection was not suspected?
Discontinue antibiotics after 48 hours
What's the full form of NDM-1?
New Delhi Metallo beta lactamase-1
NDM-1 is an enzyme that makes bacteria resistant to a broad range of beta-lactam antibiotics. These include the antibiotics of the carbapenem family, which are a mainstay for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Which of the following is a possible side effect of antibiotics?
a) Yeast Infection
b) A severe diarrheal infection called C. difficile infection
c) Allergic reaction
d) All of the above
The correct answer is (d), all of the above.
Common side effects of antibiotics can include rash, dizziness, nausea, diarrhoea, and yeast infections. More serious side effects include Clostridioides difficile infection (also called C. difficile or C. diff), which causes diarrhoea that can lead to severe colon damage and death. People can also have severe and life-threatening allergic reactions to antibiotics.
A JR prescribed a broad spectrum antibiotic to an HIV-TB coinfected patient. A few weeks later he developed a white patch over his tongue and pneumocystis jirovercii infection.
Why did the patient develop these infections?
The white patch over the tongue is called oral thrush or moniliasis. P.jirovercii and candidiasis are called opportunistic infections.
This occurs due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics by the patient.
An apparent sequale of AMR!!
According to recent studies, what were the leading causes of death in 2019 in increasing order?
a) HIV<Diabetes<AMR<Heart disease
b) AMR<HIV<Diabetes<Heart disease
c) HIV<AMR<Diabetes<Heart disease
d) HIV<Diabetes<Heart disease<AMR
a) HIV<Diabetes<AMR<Heart disease
Global estimates show that in 2019, AMR killed more people than HIV and malaria combined.
Stroke and heart disease were the only two conditions that killed more people globally than AMR that year.
Which of the following factors is NOT considered when selecting the right antibiotic for a patient?
a) Albumin Levels
b) Allergies
c) Renal function
d) Site of infection
e) Local resistance patterns to antimicrobials
The correct answer is a) Albumin Levels
Patient-specific factors, such as age, allergies, renal function, site of infection, and local resistance patterns, need to be considered before prescribing an antibiotic
What's the full form of AMRSN?
Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance and Research Network
The Indian Council of Medical Research initiated the AMRSN in 2013. The overarching aim of this network was to understand the extent and pattern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and use this evidence to guide strategies to control the spread of AMR.
Pick the WRONG answer.
Early antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease later in life, such as
a) allergy
b) atopic dermatitis
c) coeliac disease
d) diabetes
e) obesity
f) heart disease
f) heart disease
Studies show that early antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases later in life, such as allergy, atopic dermatitis, coeliac disease, diabetes, and obesity.
You are a microbiologist at a tertiary care unit and you are required to culture and check sensitivity of the specimen for sensitivity. What precaution will you undertake for this case and which biosafety cabinet will you use
1. Usage of BSC Class 2A.
2. Never discard unused/ expired antibiotics carelessly as this might cause AMR too!