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100
Reference range for adult male hematocrit.
42%-54%
100
How does sodium citrate prevent coagulation?
Removes calcium which prevents coagulation cascade.
100
The histogram is indicating this abnormal population. 
Dimorphic or bimodal (duel populations) ex. transfused cells and patient's cells
100
What is the definition of Anemia?
A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the body/blood
100
Where are red blood cell inclusions normally removed?
Spleen
100
What are the three embryonic phases of hematopoiesis in order of earliest to latest in development?
Mesoblastic, Hepatic, Medullary/Myeloid
100
You receive a grossly hemolyzed sample in your lab. What chemistry measurement would be most effected by this?
Potassium (K)
100
This has the affinity of 200 times more than oxygen.
Carboxyhemoglobin
100
Signs of cell immaturity.
High N:C ratio, nucleoli, basophilic cytoplasm, primary granules, shape of nucleus
100
Describe the shape of a normal RBC. What is the central zone called?
Biconcave disk with a central zone of pallor (whitening)
200
Term used to describe a low white blood cell count.
Leukopenia
200
ID these cells.
Reactive lymphocytes or atypical lymphocytes
200
RBC's utilize (aerobic/anaerobic) metabolism as a primary source of energy.
Anaerobic
200
Red blood cells use this to produce energy.
Glycolysis
200
Which WBC arrives first at the site of inflammation
Neutrophils
200
Identify these cells seen in iron deficiency anemia.
Elliptocytes
200
Is a MCHC of 34% considered abnormal?
No, the normal range of MCHC is 32-36%
200
What are the two components of Heme?
Protoporphyrin 9 + Iron (Fe2+)
200
How long do RBC normally circulate? [what are their lifespans]
120 days
200
Calculate MCH and MCHC. What can be classified by this patients result?
RBC = 5.0 x106/uL
HGB = 7.0g/dL
HCT = 40%
MCH = 14 pg
MCHC = 17.5%
Hypochromic
300
What are the two Primary Lymphatic Tissues?
Thymus & Bone Marrow
300
This cell line on the PBS will be increased in viral infections.
Lymphocytes
300
The first (primary) site of hematopoiesis.
Yolk sac (Mesoblastic phase)
300
What 3 things will EPO do to RBC production?
-Increase RBC production
-Decrease RBC maturation time
-Promotes the early release of RBC from marrow
300
What is the formula for corrected reticulocyte count?
CRC =
Patient Retic % x Patient HCT / 45 (average Hct)
300
During which embryonic phase is the majority of cellular production occurring in the bone marrow?
Myeloid/Medullary
300
What are the inclusion in a reticulocyte? What stain are they most visible with?
RNA remnants ; New Methylene Blue stain
300
Describe a Right Shift on the Oxygen Dissociation curve.
Decreased pH (acidosis)
Increased Temp, pCO2, and 2,3 DPG
Facilitates the unloading of O2
300
What protein carries Iron?
Transferrin
300
What stain can be used to visualize iron in bone marrow
Prussian blue
400
Term used to describe an increased platelet count.
Thrombocytosis
400
What is normal adult hemoglobin composed of?
α2 β2
400
What is the last stage a RBC can undergo mitosis?
Polychromatic Normoblast
400
What is the normal M:E ratio for adults?
2:1 to 4:1
400
A hemoglobin below 7.0 g/dL.
Critical value in men or woman and should be called to licensed healthcare provider then documented.
400
Transformed monocytes in tissue.
Macrophages
400
Cyanmethhemoglobin uses these two reagents in the procedure.
potassium cyanide
potassium ferricyanide
400
Where is EPO produced? What is EPO released in response to?
Kidneys. Released in response to Hypoxia (low oxygen)
400
What multipotential stem cell gives rise to Granulocytes, Erythrocytes, Monocytes, and Megakaryocytes?
CFU-GEMM
400
Cause of EPO stimulation.
Hypoxia
500
Four changes in neutrophils during bacterial infections.
Dohle bodies, left shift, PMN vacuoles, toxic granulation
500
A sneaky nurse notices a clot in her lavender tube she drew. Instead of redrawing the tube like a good nurse, she just removes the clot and trashes it.
What CBC result in the lab will be most affected?
Platelet count will be decreased.
500
Following splenectomy, what 3 things will be increased in circulation?
Platelets
WBCs
Abnormal RBC
500
Reference range when the red cell production in the bone marrow IS COMPENSATING for anemia.
RPI > 2%
500
The reference range for a total white blood cell count in adults.
5.0 - 10.0 x 103/uL
500
Where does Hematopoiesis occur during the Mesoblastic stage?
Yolk Sac
500
Name the six stages of Erythrocyte maturation by stage starting with the youngest cell.
Pronormoblast
Basophilic normoblast
Polychromatic normoblast
Orthochromic normoblast
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
500
What pathway makes 2,3 BPG?
Rapaport- Luebering Pathway (RLP)
500
The earliest hematopoietic cell.
Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cell (PHSC)
500
There are two types of bone marrow. Name them.
Red Marrow and Yellow Marrow
600
Reference range for Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)
32%-36% or g/dL
600
What type of stain is used for differentials.
Wright Stain
600
What is the primary pathway utilized by RBCs to produce 90 to 95% of glucose?
Embden-Meyerhof Pathway (EMP)
600
This cell is used to decide the size of red blood cells.
nucleus of a mature lymphocyte (6-8 microns)
600
This red cell abnormality has a central pallor greater than a third of the cell diameter.
Hypochromia
600
During which embryonic phase is the majority of hemoglobin produced α & γ ?
Hepatic
600
Formula for correcting the WBC for NRBCs.
Uncorrected WBC x 100/NRBCs + 100
600
What are the causes of microcytic RBC? (5)
Iron deficiency
Thalassemia
Sideroblastic
Lead Toxicity
Anemia of Chronic
600
The majority (70%) of the body's iron is in this form.
Hemoglobin
600
What does Thrombopoietin do?
Increased/Regulated the production of Megakaryocytes and by extension Platelet production.
700
Type of graph at (A) below.
Scatterplot or cytogram
700
Identify the arrowed cell.
Promyelocyte
700
After the PHSC, these are the two major cell lines.
Myeloid and Lymphoid
700
What three RBC indicies used to classify Anemia's?
MCV
MCH
MCHC
700
Composition of normal adult hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin A (95 - 98%)
Hemoglobin A2 (2 - 5%)
Hemoglobin F (less than 1%)
700
This anticoagulant binds calcium.
EDTA
700
What type of cell is characteristic of Infectious Mononucleosis?
Downey Cell - Atypical Lymphs
700
2,3 BPG has what function in regards to oxygen/hemoglobin?
2,3 BPG regulates oxygen uploading or off loading.
700
A hormone that stimulates RBC production and where is it located?
Erythropoietin (EPO); kidney
700
What tests would be useful in determining or diagnosing a patients Anemia?
Hgb, Hct, RBC Indicies
or a CBC and differential
800
Principle of hematology automation where cells traverse an aperature and interrupt electrical current.
Electrical Impedance
800
Carboxyhemoglobin results in a (left/right) shift on the oxygen dissociation curve.
Left (binds Hgb 200X more strongly)
800
Describe the Rule of threes.
RBC x 3 HGB x 3 HCT
800
The term used for cells when the MCV is less than 80 fL.
Microcytic
800
What are the two names for the cells indicated by the arrow? 
Dacrocytes / Teardrop cells
800
Normal relative reference range for promyelocytes in the perpherial blood (circulating blood).
0%
800
Name the 3 phases of hematopoiesis.
Mesoblastic
Hepatic
Medullary
800
What Reticulocyte Index compensates for anemia?
Red Cell Production Index (RPI)
800
In which organ is 30% of the bodies platelets?
The spleen
800
Formula to calculate a total WBC using a hemacytometer.
Number of cell counted x DF x Number of squares counted
Number of cells counted x DF x VCF
900
Type of anemia which displays hypersegmented neutrophils and macro-ovalocytes in the PBS. MCV high (116 fL)
Megaloblastic Anemia
900
Identify the RBC inclusions.
Papenhemimer bodies.
900
Reference range hemoglobin adult female.
12 - 15 g/dL
900
Describe the red cell size if the MCV is 109 fL.
Macrocytic
900
State of iron to combine with oxygen reversibly.
Iron in the Ferrous (2+)
900
CBC parameter that measures the variation of anisocytosis.
Red cell distribution width (RDW)
900
Identify the RBC inclusion caused by the presistance of RNA.
Basophilic Stippling
900
Hemoglobin SS is indicated in which lane?
4
900
What amino acid substitution will cause the red blood cells indicated by the arrows? (AA and location)
Lysine in the 6th position of the beta chain; (Hgb C)
900
What is a lead-line? What anemia is it associated with?
Lead-line is a symptom of chronic lead poisoning in which lead accumulates as a black-blue line around the gums of the mouth.
Associated with microcytic anemia (Sideroblastic Anemia)
1000
Four changes in neutrophils during bacterial infections.
Dohle bodies, left shift, PMN vacuoles, toxic granulation
1000
ID the two large myeloid cells.
Myeloblasts
1000
Four characteristics of malignant cells.
High N:C Ratio, Nuclear molding, Nucleoli, Clumping
1000
Cells touching these sides of the 4 large corner squares are counted when performing a manual WBC.
Cells touching the Left and Top are counted.
1000
Adjusts for shift reticulocytes seen in the peripheral blood.
RPI (Red Cell Production Index)
1000
This clotting-bleeding disorder goes hand in hand with elevated D-dimers (cut fibrin pieces) and causes schiztocytes to form.
DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation)
1000
The formula for Mean Cell Volume.
HCT/RBC x 10
1000
What are the X and Y axes of the Oxygen Dissociation curve.
X axis = O2 Partial Pressure (mmHg)
Y axis = O2 Saturation of Hemoglobin (%)
1000
What is the reference range for Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)?
11.5 - 14.5%
1000
A hemoglobin F concentration may be seen in which thalassemia?
Beta Thalassemia major