Marx & Engels
More Science (Yay!)
Romanticism
City Growth & Life
Realism
100
What is the difference between socialism and capitalism?
*Socialism - production should be controlled by society either directly or through the government *Capitalism - production controlled by private investors
100
What were Jenner and Pasteur's discoveries?
*Jenner - first vaccination *Pasteur - proved bacteria caused infectious disease
100
How did romanticism reject society's former formal structure and rules?
Emphasized human emotion and imagination over reason - celebrated lives of "simple peasants," heroic rebellion, and personal freedom - imaginative
100
Name three leisure activities or places.
*Fine art *Music *Concerts & opera (London's Royal Albert Hall) *Art museums (France's Louvre Museum) *Libraries/newspapers *Parks *Organized sports
100
Name one symbolist writer.
*Mallarmé *Verlaine *Rimbaud
200
What is the difference between socialism and communism?
*Socialism - production should be controlled by society either directly or through the government *Communism - the people owned everything - no social classes or private property
200
Name one scientist who improved the atomic theory.
*Dalton - elements composed of atoms, all atoms of a given element are identical, one element's atom differ from other element's, formulas showing which atoms make up specific elements *Roentgen - x-rays (high energy electromagnetic waves) can penetrate solid matter - later found x-rays consist of electrons which are found in all matter
200
Name three musicians in the romanticism movement.
*Beethoven - symphony *Tchaikovsky - symphony *Chopin - piano *Schubert - lieder (Poem set to music) *Dvorák - folk music "Symphony From the New World"
200
Why did some people leave their homelands?
*Better life *Higher paying jobs *Better working conditions *Discrimination/persecution *Escape famine *Industries looking for cheap labor *Fewer workers needed for farms (new technology)
200
What were the themes of romanticism, realism, and symbolism?
*Romanticism - human emotion and imagination over reason *Realism - portray life as it is *Symbolism - used imagery to suggest themes - symbols
300
Who would build a communist society once they seized control from the bourgeoisie in Marx's theories?
Proletariat - working class
300
Who was the founder of sociology who thought society operated by certain laws?
Auguste Comte
300
Name two literature works from France.
*"The Three Musketeers" - Dumas *"The Hunchback of Notre Dame" - Victor Hugo *"Les Misérables" - Victor Hugo *Author George Sands - made peasants and workers the heroes
300
What were some reasons why the availability of food was increased?
*Medical advances *Bread is no longer staple crop *New machinery (farmers grow different crops) *Canning/refrigeration
300
Who were the 'founders' of romanticism and realism?
*Romanticism - Rousseau *Realism - Courbet
400
Which type of socialism emerged instead of Marx's communism stage?
Democratic Socialism - some public control & democratic means to implement socialist policies
400
Name to psychologist and their discoveries.
*Pavlov - human actions are unconscious reactions to stimuli and can be trained *Freud - unconscious mind rules behavior - led to psychoanalysis
400
What is the main theme of romanticism painting?
Exotic, colorful, powerful subjects, stir emotions, not appeal to intellect
400
Name two results of urbanization.
*Cramped living conditions *Need for sanitation *Ditches and open sewers *Polluted water *Iron pipe - closed sewer systems *Police and fire safety *NYC Central Park (Olmsted & Vaux)
400
Name three realism authors or works.
*Balzac - "The Human Comedy" - French life *Flaubert - "Madame Bovary" - conflict between dreams and reality *Mary Ann Evans - senselessness of British social order *Dickens - "Hard Times" - spoke on behalf of the poor & described living conditions *Tolstoy - "War and Peace" - Napoleons invasion of Russia *Dreiser - "An American Tragedy" - naturalism - man is executed for killing pregnant girlfriend
500
Which country developed communism in the early 1900's?
Russia
500
Name two physicists who experimented with energy and what they did.
*Marie & Pierre Curie - discovered radioactive element radium and proved it emits energy *Max Planck - energy is released in separate units called quanta
500
Name four literature works or authors from Germany or Great Britain.
*Friedrich von Schiller - "William Tell" heroic stories of liberty *Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - "Faust" human striving and redemption *Sir Walter Scott - "Ivanhoe" "Quentin Durward" "The Talisman" *Robert Burns - feeling and nature poet *William Blake - "Songs of Innocence" "Songs of Experience" *Others: Coleridge, Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley, and Byron
500
What is the difference between immigration and emigration?
*Emigration - leave homelands to settle elsewhere *Immigration - coming to settle permanently in a foreign land
500
Name two prominent realism painters.
*Courbet - "Burial at Ornans" attention to less fortunate *Daumier *Millet
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