Bone Changes
What happens to bone density as we age?
It decreases, leading to osteoporosis and fractures.
Why do muscles weaken with age?
Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) due to reduced activity and protein synthesis.
How does aging affect cartilage in joints?
It wears down, leading to stiffness and osteoarthritis.
How does immobility affect circulation?
It slows down, increasing the risk of blood clots.
What type of exercise helps maintain bone strength?
Weight-bearing exercises like walking and resistance training.
What is osteopenia?
condition where bone density is lower than normal but not yet osteoporosis.
What happens to muscle fibers with aging?
They shrink and lose strength, reducing endurance and mobility.
What condition results from joint inflammation and stiffness?
Arthritis.
How does bed rest affect muscle mass?
It leads to rapid muscle loss (atrophy).
How can proper nutrition help with aging muscles?
diet rich in protein and vitamin D supports muscle health.
Why do older adults have an increased risk of fractures?
Bones become more brittle due to calcium loss.
What is sarcopenia?
Age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
How does reduced synovial fluid affect joints?
It causes increased stiffness and pain.
What is the effect of immobility on bones?
Bone loss increases, leading to a higher risk of fractures.
What is one way to prevent joint stiffness in older adults?
Regular movement and stretching exercises.
How does aging affect posture?
The spine curves more, leading to kyphosis (hunched back).
Why do older adults experience slower reflexes?
Nerve communication slows down, affecting movement and balance.
What is the impact of aging on ligament flexibility?
Ligaments stiffen, reducing mobility and increasing injury risk.
How does prolonged bed rest affect the cardiovascular system?
It weakens the heart and lowers blood pressure, leading to dizziness upon standing.
Why is staying hydrated important for joint health?
It keeps cartilage lubricated and reduces stiffness.
What is kyphosis and how does it develop with age?
forward bending of the upper spine due to bone loss and poor posture.
What role does protein play in maintaining muscle health?
Protein helps repair and build muscle tissue, preventing muscle loss.
What is degenerative joint disease?
condition where cartilage wears away, causing pain and stiffness (osteoarthritis).
What is pressure ulcer, and why does immobility increase its risk?
skin breakdown due to prolonged pressure on bony areas, common in bedridden patients
What are two lifestyle habits that help prevent musculoskeletal decline?
Regular exercise and a balanced diet with calcium and vitamin D.