Types of Studies
This type of study combines results from multiple RCT research studies to provide the highest level of evidence.
What is a systematic review? (Level I)
This level of evidence is considered the "gold standard" in research.
What is Level I (Systematic Review)?
A group of researchers compile 10 RCTs on wound care interventions to determine the most effective approach.
What is a systematic review? (Level I)
The average number of patients who need to be treated to prevent one additional bad outcome.
What is Need to Treat
What is the difference between EBP and research?
Research is the process of generating new knowledge and EBP is the process of applying best evidence to a clinical problem to improve care.
This research design randomly assigns participants to control and experimental groups to test interventions.
What is a randomized controlled trial (RCT)? (Level II)
This level includes experimental research but lacks full randomization.
What is Level III (Quasi-Experimental)?
Nurses conduct an experiment where patients with hypertension are randomly assigned to medication A or medication B.
What is an RCT? (Level II)
The odds of an outcome occurring in one group compared to another
What is an odds ratio?
The ethical principal which supports the importance of obtaining informed consent from all research participants?
What is autonomy?
This study lacks full randomization but still applies an intervention to measure its effects.
What is a quasi-experimental study? (Level III)
A study that observes patient outcomes over time without intervention is classified as this level.
What is Level IV (Cohort Study)?
A hospital tests a new bedside rounding protocol on one unit while another unit follows the usual procedure.
What is a quasi-experimental study? (Level III)
This value helps researchers determine whether their findings are likely due to chance. If it's less than 0.05, results are often considered statistically significant.
What is a p value?
What are the 3 principles of the Belmont Report?
Autonomy, Beneficence and Justice
This design uses existing data to look back in time and discover associations
What is a case-control retrospective study? (Level IV)
When patient experiences are analyzed using qualitative methods, the research is categorized at this level.
What is Level VI (Descriptive or Qualitative Study)?
A study follows 500 nurses over 10 years to examine how sleep patterns affect burnout.
What is a cohort study? (Level IV)
The range within which we’re 95% confident the true effect size lies for this intervention
What is the confidence interval?
The three components to evidence-based decision making.
What is evidence from literature, clinician expertise and patient preferences
This approach combines qualitative findings across multiple studies for a deeper understanding.
What is a qualitative meta-analysis? (Level V)
A practice guideline issued by an expert committee is an example of this level of evidence.
What is Level VII (Expert Opinion)?
Researchers collect patient stories about living with chronic pain to identify themes in their experiences.
What is a qualitative study? (Level VI)
A recent study shows a p-value of 0.03 and a confidence interval of 0.95 (0.70–0.95). Are these results statistically significant?
Yes - the results are statistically significant
Utilized to prevent selection bias in a research study
What is random sampling?