Review
What is a nekton?
any organism that can swim against current
What's the transfer efficiency between Algae and the sun
2 percent
What's the difference between overfishing and commercial extinction?
Overfishing refers to fishing to the point where it affects the stock's ability to reproduce and commercial extinction is when a population is too low to profit
What are microplastics?
Plastics that become degraded to the point where they become microscopic
What are the three major greenhouse gases?
CO2, CH4,and N20
What are some characteristics of a population that is more likely to be resilent?
A large population, migratory, and behavior plasticity.
What organism makes up the majority of the biomass in the ocean?
phytoplankton
What is the relationship between MSY(Maximum sustainable yield) and carrying capacity which is K?
MSY is 1/2 of K
Why might removing debris from the ocean be an issue? For example, removing a fish net from an area that was formally occupied by a coral reef.
A new ecosystem can potentially be on the debris or trash
Describe the greenhouse effect.
The effect in which certain gases can redirect radiation in different directions thereby slowly heating the earth
What is the difference between flagella and cilia and what marine organisms use them?
Flagella are longer and fewer in number and also produce a wavelike motion as opposed to cilia which has a back and forth pattern. Zooplankton and Dinoflagellates have flagella while ciliates have cilia
Why is it beneficial for the food chain to gut the fish after fishing?
Blood contains iron and when you gut fish the iron leaks back into ocean and the iron can be used by zoo plankton and phytoplankton
Has the rate of overfishing increased or decreased in the last 50 years?
The rate has increased due to different calculations of what we call overfishing
What type of pollution does the US navy produce?
Sound pollution by using sonar
What is the most powerful greenhouse gas in our atmoshphere?
Water vapour
List the macronutrients
Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Carbon, and Silicon
Suppose we have phytoplankton which contains 1,000,000 calories, how much of the energy is available to a fish which is two trophic steps higher?
1,000 calories
In longlining there is a specific weight attached to a given depth so it can target multiple fish depending on weight and depth
Why do fertilizers amplify the process of deoxygenation?
Runoff increases causes species at the surface to increase and that means bacteria near the deeper part of the ocean will eat of bacteria causing a larger area of deoxygenation.
Name the three major threats to marine life.
Warmer oceans, less oxygen, and acidification
What food web is responsible for about half the primary production in the ocean?
microbial loop
Suppose a top down control event and the population of killer whales, which at the top of the food chain,gets killed off. What are the subsequent effects on seals, squids, and fish population.(Killer whales eat seals, seals eat squids, squids eat fish).
Seals population increase, squids decrease, and fish increase
Name the ocean that is consistently in low oxygen.
The Indian Ocean because much of the world's trade happens at the Indian Ocean causing a lot of waste
What are aersols and how in theory do they faciliate cooling?
Aerosols are particles in air such as sulfates and aerosols can slow down the greenhouse effect by directing the radiation in various directions.