Biology I
Which of the following observations would support the claim that it is a plant cell rather than an animal cell?
(A) It has a nucleus
(B) It has a cell membrane
(C) It has chloroplasts
(D) It is round in shape
THE ANSWER: "C" IT HAS CHLOROPLASTS
Plants use chloroplasts to preform photosynthesis. Animals do not need chloroplasts because they get sugar from eating food, not from sunlight
What is a function of the somatic nervous system?
(A) Raising heart rate in a threatening situation
(B) Regulating the digestion of food
(C) Controlling the movement of skeleton muscles
(D) Lowering the body's respiratory rate to recover from stress
THE ANSWER "C" CONTROLLING THE MOVEMENT OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
The Somatic Nervous System regulates voluntary activities such as muscular movement.
What would be the most likely effect if several species of carnivores are removed from an ecosystem?
(A) A decrease in community stability
(B) An increase in plant life
(C) A decrease in the number of natural disasters
(D) Removing the carnivores would reduce the species diversity in the ecosystem
THE ANSWER: "A" A DECREASE IN COMMUNITY STABILITY
Removing species can shift the dynamics of an ecosystem drastically.
The human body is able to regulate blood sugar levels within a fairly specific range, even when high amounts of carbohydrates are consumed. This is an example of what process?
(a) homeostasis
(b) respiration
(c) digestion
(d) natural selection
THE ANSWER: "A" WHAT IS HOMEOSTASIS
The body works to regulate a constant internal environment using homeostatic mechanisms.
When larges amounts of carbohydrates are consumed, the body works to make sure blood sugar does not spike beyond sustainable levels.
What is the primary role of the stomach in the human digestive system?
(A) Absorbing nearly all nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream
(B) Using muscular movement and enzymes to break down food
(C) Producing bile to help digest fats
(D) Absorbing water and minerals from undigestible food
THE ANSWER: "B" USING MUSCULAR MOVEMENT AND ENZYMES TO BREAK DOWN FOOD
The stomach acts as a site for mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
In horses, black coloring (B) is dominant, and chestnut coloring (b) is recessive. A homozygous black horse crosses with a chestnut horse. What percentage of offspring are expected to be chestnut?
(A) 0%
(B) 25%
(C) 50%
(D) 75%
(E) 100%
THE ANSWER: "A" 0%
The cross results in only Bb (black) offspring. It does not produce any bb (chestnut) offspring.
0/4 bb = 0% chestnut offspring
The cell membrane of an animal cell is damaged due to a bacterial infection. What function is most immediately affected by the damage?
(A) Transport of materials into and out of the cell
(B) Protein synthesis
(C) ATP Synthesis
(D) Storage of genetic material
THE ANSWER: "A" TRANSPORT OF MATERIALS INTO AND OUT OF THE CELL
The cell membrane controls what enters and exits the cell, therefore any damage to the cell membrane would affect transport.
Below are the pHs of several fluids in the body.
Fluid pH
Digestive fluid 2
Blood 7.3
Cell interior 6.8
Which of the following lists these fluids from least acidic (first) to most acidic (last)?
(A) Blood, Cell Interior, Digestive Fluid
(B) Digestive Fluid, Cell Interior, Blood
(C) Blood, Digestive Fluid, Cell Interior
(D) Cell Interior, Blood, Digestive Fluid
THE ANSWER: "A" BLOOD, CELL INTERIOR, DIGESTIVE FLUID
The lower the number the more acidic the substance. The question asks least acidic (highest number) to most acidic (lowest number), so we need to list these from the highest pH to the lowest pH. That means blood (7.3), then cell interior (6.8), and finally digestive fluid (2).
What process allows an organism to maintain internal stability despite a constantly changing environment?
(A) Natural Selection
(B) Homeostasis
(C) Sexual Reproduction
(D) Active Transport
THE ANSWER: "B" HOMEOSTASIS
The body works to regulate constant internal balance using homeostatic mechanisms
A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot in a pulmonary artery blocks the flow of blood in the pulmonary circuit. What would happen to an individual that has a pulmonary embolism?
(A) High oxygen levels in blood
(B) Slowed breathing
(C) A lack of blood oxygenation
(D) Too much blood oxygenation
THE ANSWER: "C" A LACK OF BLOOD OXYGENATION