Tables and Graphs
The kind of data that we generally use a histogram to represent (and not a bar chart).
What is continuous data?
What is a frequency distribution?
Σ
What is the symbolic notation for "sum"
The number on a hockey player's jersey (Trevor Linden wearing 16) represents this type of scale.
What is a nominal scale?
To successfully run an experiment I need to manipulate the variables, randomly assign participants to groups AND this third thing.
What is a comparison/control group?
The kind of data we generally use a bar chart to represent (and not a histogram).
What is discrete date?
In a frequency distribution this value marks the bottom of a defined interval (e.g., if the interval were IQs ranging from 99-103), 99 would be this.
What is the lower boundary?
X
What is a score?
When you go to the store and see t-shirt sizes in "S" "M" "L" and "XL" this represents this type of scale.
What is an ordinal scale?
The variable that I measure as an experimenter. For instance, when Elizabeth Loftus looked at the impact of misinformation on false memories, she examined this variable by looking at whether or not people reported incorrectly seeing glass at the scene of the accident.
What is the dependent variable (DV)?
The number of bars I'd have in a histogram that was graphically representing a frequency distribution with 6 intervals.
What are 6 bars?
A value that occurs infrequently in your dataset (falls substantially above or below most of the scores).
What is an outlier?
Some characteristic or unit of measurement that tells me something about the entire population.
What is a parameter?
What is the difference between an interval and an ordinal scale?
When I run a quasi-experiment, the "quasi-independent variable" is composed of these.
What are pre-existing groups (or natural categories), e.g., men/women?
The type of data that is typically represented on a pie chart.
What is category (or group) percentage?
If I had a frequency distribution that was looking at IQs, and one of the intervals was "105-110", this number would be the "interval width"
What is 6?
One is used to summarize the findings from a sample while the other is used to make predictions.
What is the difference between inferential and descriptive statistics?
By their very nature, nominal and ordinal scales are suited to measure this type of variable:
What are discrete (or categorical) variables.
If I were running a study and I wanted to see if there were a relationship between the amount of hours TV watched per day and body weight, this would be the best method to use.
What is the correlational method?
The type of data that is represented on an ogive.
What is cumulative percent?
A value I find when calculating a frequency distribution that involves taking the difference of the largest and smallest values in my dataset and then adding 1. For instance if the smallest value was "4" and the largest value was "10", it would be "7"
What is the real range?
(Σx)2 vs Σ(x2)
What is the difference between summing all my scores together and then squaring that value vs. squaring all my scores first and then adding up the squared values.
temperature measured in: Celsius vs. Kelvin
What is the difference between and interval and a ratio scale?
When looking at a relationship between two variables (X and Y) in a correlation. I cannot conclude causality because of the impact of this kind of variable:
What is an unmeasured/hidden/confounding variable?