6
Is it true that all students learn everything on the same level when they are in the same classroom?
Social interactions
James William was a prominent figure in the field of
Functionalism
Social cognitive theory emphasizes the role of
Observational learning
Who is the key proponent of social cognitive theory?
Albert Bandura
Radical behaviorism rejects the importance of
Internal mental processes
According to social constructivism, learning is a collaborative process involving
Social interactions and shared experiences
What is the main concept behind epigenesis in developmental biology?
Pre-existing structures unfold during development
Is it true that classical conditioning can only bring positive results in a classroom setting? If true, explain why you think so. If false, provide an example of negative results.
False + example from the team
Motivation is defined as
The internal state that energizes and directs behavior
What are the two elements of operant conditioning?
reinforcement and an operant
Which of the following is a key concept in social constructivism
Zone of proximal development
In which stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory do children typically begin to engage in symbolic play, show egocentric thinking, and lack the understanding of conservation?
Preoperational stage
What is generalization in respondent conditioning?
Generalization happens when a stimulus similar to the conditioned stimulus is able to elicit the conditioned response.
What is the term for a balance between reliance on prior information and openness to new information?
Cognitive equilibrium
What did Skinner define as “private events”?
person’s thoughts and feelings, that we can’t observe, but are possibly measurable
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
with intrinsic motivation, you engage in something because you simply enjoy it, the changes happen “inside”; with extrinsic motivation you want to do something because you can get an external reward
Think about Pavlov’s experiment with the dogs. Match the parts of that experiment (salivating in the beginning; food; sound of opening a bag in the beginning of the experiment; salivation at the sound of opening the bag; sound of opening the bag at the end of the experiment) with the elements of classical conditioning (conditioned response; unconditioned response; conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus)
salivating in the beginning – unconditioned response; food – unconditioned stimulus; sound of opening a bag in the beginning of the experiment – neutral stimulus; salivation at the sound of opening the bag – conditioned response; sound of opening the bag at the end of the experiment – conditioned stimulus
What is the difference between extinction and discrimination in classical conditioning?
Extinction happens when the association between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response disappears, so the learning is unlearned. Discrimination happens when someone learns how to NOT respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
What is the difference between assimilation and accommodation?
In assimilation, learners use the same schema they had before, so they interpret new information through pre-existing concepts. In accommodation, learners change their pre-existing schemas, so they learn how to modify their concepts so that the new information could fit into them.
What is the difference between “mental” and “private” in the views of radical behaviorists?
Mental events occur in some imaginary space, the mind; since they are nowhere to be found in nature, behaviorists see them as fictional. Private events are just like public events except they occur within the skin and unlike mental events, they can be measured.