DNA Structure
When do cells duplicate their DNA?
S phase
How to identify genotype?
DNA sequencing and other methods
DNA point mutations _____.
It can lead to a nonfunctional protein or can have little effect depending on the position of the mutation.
When does crossing over occur?
Prophase 1
The forked line and probability methods make use of what probability rule?
product rule
What is a "strand" of DNA?
Two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits
What 2 things does a Punnett square predict?
The percentages of phenotypes in the offspring of a cross from known genotypes.
Changes in DNA sequences during replication can lead
Insertion and deletion mutations
How many Daughter cells do you end up with at the end of Meiosis 2?
Four Daughter cells.
A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are what for that trait?
homozygous
How many strands make up a DNA double helix?
Double Helix / two linked strands
What do the letters on the outside of the Punnett square stand for?
Represent the alleles, or versions of a gene, that each parent contributes to their offspring.
Tumor cells are genetically identical because they arise from a single precursor cell. True or False
False
Were during Meiosis 2 do chromosomes line up against?
The Cell's equator
The observable traits expressed by an organism are described as its
Phenotype
What holds one strand against the other in the double helix?
Hydrogen bonds
What do the letters on the inside of the Punnett square stand for?
The possible gene combinations of their offspring.
The process of repetitive replication of a segment of a chromosome is known as ______.
Gene Amplification
How many cell division are there in Meiosis?
Two cell divisions
When the expression of one gene pair masks or modifies the expression of another, the genes show _______?
epistasis
How do cells make accurate copies of DNA?
Through a process called DNA replication
How to predict baby traits?
There's no definitive way to predict their physical traits.
Nonsense mutations occur when
A sequence change gives rise to a stop codon rather than a codon specifying an amino acid.
Meiosis consists of what two cell divisions?
Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2
Mendel performed hybridizations by transferring pollen to the female ova from what part of the male plant?
The anther