Topic 1
The process by which amino acid chains are synthesized from RNA sequences
Translation
This type of protein reduces the activation energy of a reaction by acting as a biological catalyst
Enzyme
This level of protein structure involves alpha-helices and beta-sheets
Secondary
A structural unit of a protein that folds more or less independently from other subunits
Domain
This suffix is frequently used to denote a molecule is an enzyme
"-ase"
It developed due to an ancient archaeal anaerobe's engulfment of an aerobic bacterial cell.
Mitochondria
The type of bond that forms amino acids
Peptide bonds
The concentration of substrate which permits the enzyme to achieve half Vmax.
Km
The way in which a product can turn off the pathway that creates it.
Feedback Inhibition
Escherichia coli, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster are examples of what in research?
Model Organisms
Contain nitrogenous base in their structure and builds DNA and RNA
Nucleotide
This amino acid prefers the cis configuration
Proline
A molecule required by an enzyme for catalytic activity
co-enzyme
Karyotype
It is theorized that mitochondria and chloroplasts were incorporated into cells by what mechanism?
Endosymbiosis
An activation pathway characterized by a lower rate of reaction and a high activation energy
Uncatalyzed Reaction Pathway
The tertiary level of proteins forms this
Domains
Place of chemical specificity and affinity on protein that binds or forms chemical bonds with other molecules and ions or protein ligands.
binding pocket
carefully regulated recombination that can cause inherited cancer
homologous recombination
This protein marker can be used to flag proteins for endocytosis, proteasomal degradation, or DNA repair, depending on the modification patterns.
Ubiquitin
An event in which an unfavorable reaction becomes favorable, and the standard free energy changes from positive to negative.
Reaction coupling
Tertiary structures can have multiple polarities, making them this
Amphiphilic
The number of maximum substrate molecules converted by the enzyme molecule into a product per unit time at the saturation of substrate on the enzyme.
Kcat
Densely packed region of the chromatin with few or no coding genes
heterochromatin
These highly stable, self-propagating beta-sheet aggregates disrupt protein structure and are associated with prion diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson’s disease.
Amyloid Fibrils