Topic 4
A method that is based on cross-linking proteins to DNA in living cells that is used to determine the sites on DNA that a specific protein occupies
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
Exchange of genetic material between multiple chromosomes or different regions of the same chromosome
DNA recombination
Process that removes introns from pre-mRNAs and joins exons together.
mRNA splicing
A special tRNA molecule that carries methionine and is used to begin translation.
initiator tRNA
Inhibition of gene expression in bacteria by the premature termination of transcription
Transcriptional attenuation
DNA packaging structure that is wrapped around a histone.
Nucleosome
These mutations cause codon changes that do not result in amino acid change or amino acid changes that do not result in protein structure change
Silent Mutations
This enzyme is accountable for all protein-coding genes
RNA polymerase II
Sequence of three nucleotides in a tRNA that is complementary to a three-nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule
Anticodon
RNA molecule that forms part of the structure of the macromolecular complex that is responsible for the synthesis of proteins
ribosomal RNA
Arginine and Lysine rich proteins that assist DNA packing by wrapping DNA around itself.
Histone
This process can flawlessly repair double-strand breaks in the DNA
Homologous Recombination
A type of RNA that functions in a variety of nuclear processes, such as splicing of pre-mRNA.
snRNA (small nuclear RNA)
An enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to a tRNA molecule to form the activated intermediate used in protein synthesis
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
A large protein complex that contains multiple 3' to 5' RNA exonucleases, which degrade improperly processed mRNAs, introns, and other RNA debris.
Exosome
Regions of chromosomes that are densely packed and contain little to no coding DNA
Heterochromatin
This enzyme adds deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates where RNA primers were just removed in DNA replication
Repair DNA polymerase
This subunit of Pol II is responsible for polyadenylation, 5' capping, and splicing.
C-terminal Domain
A large protein complex in the cytosol and nucleus with proteolytic activity that is responsible for degrading the proteins marked for destruction through ubiquitinylation
Proteosome
one of two of a ribosome's binding sites for tRNA during translation. holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain
P site
Process by which interfering gene mutations are removed.
Purifying selection
This large class of DNA-only transposon carries a transposase that functions as both a sequence-specific nuclease and a helicase, directing its movement
A helitron
This 12-subunit transcription factor recognizes the TATA box and other sequences near the starting point of transcription
TFIID
-Proteins that interact with partially folded or improperly folded new polypeptides to facilitate folding and prevent intermediates from forming aggregates.
-Recognize hydrophobic amino acids
pries apart the double helix of the DNA at the transcription start point; phosphorylates the long polypeptide "tail" of RNA polymerase II, releasing it from the general transcription factors so it can begin the elongation phase of transcription
TFIIH