When a small population is separated from the original population. The gene pool of the new colony depends upon the “founders” genotypes.
100
What does “p” represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
The frequency of the dominant allele
100
What are the three domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
100
Which two scientists influenced Darwin’s thinking about how species change slowly over time, just as the Earth changes slowly?
James Hutton and Charles Lyell
100
The scientific name of an organism is composed of which two taxonomic groups?
Genus and species
200
The random change in allele frequencies within a population is called _____.
Genetic drift
200
In a population of rabbits, 91% of them have long fur, which is dominant. If short fur is recessive, calculate the frequency of the recessive allele in the entire population.
ANSWER = 0.3
(9% have short fur, so q2 = 0.09 and q = 0.3)
200
Which domains and kingdoms are strictly unicellular?
Bacteria (Eubacteria) & Archaea (Archaebacteria)
200
What is the Darwinian definition of “Fitness”?
Fitness is a measure of how successful an organism is at surviving and reproducing.
200
Give an example of camouflage and an example of mimicry.
Camouflage: a snake has a certain pattern that allows it to blend in the forest floor.
Mimicry: the scarlet king snake resembles the coral snake to scare off predators.
300
What is Genetic Equilibrium?
When there is no change in the allele frequencies of a population over time; the gene pool remains stable.
300
What term in the Hardy Weinberg Equation represents the frequency of the carriers (heterozygous individuals) in a population?
2pq
300
What is the order of taxonomic groups, from largest to smallest?
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
300
What was Carolus Linnaeus’s contribution to the field of biology?
He invented binomial nomenclature, a system of using two names (the genus and species) to classify organisms
300
What are the types of asexual reproduction?
Mitosis, Binary Fission, Vegetative Propagation, Budding and Fragmentation
400
How can amino acid sequences be used to determine if two species are closely related?
The more similar the amino acid sequences, the more closely related the two species are.
400
What are the five conditions needed to maintain Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium?
No mutations, no movement, no natural selection, random mating, large population
400
This type of diagram shows the oldest species at the bottom, and the newest species at the top.
Phylogenetic tree
400
Which scientist incorrectly believed that a trait could evolve if it was used or disused? (such as giraffes stretching their necks, causing them to evolve longer necks over time)
Jean Lamarck
400
What is a derived character?
A characteristic found on a cladogram that describes how two species are different from each other
500
What is a molecular clock?
A molecular clock uses the average rate of mutations in a gene to show how evolutionary changes can occur at a regular rate.
500
1 in 17,000 people in the United States have albinism, which is a homozygous recessive disorder. What percentage of the U.S. population are carriers?
ANSWER = 1.5%
(q2 = 1/17000, so q = .0077 p = .9923 2pq = .015)
500
What do the following kingdoms have in common: plantae, animalia, protista, fungi
They all belong to the domain Eukarya, which means they are composed of eukaryotic cells. (have a nucleus)
500
Which scientist’s theories on population growth and competition for resources influenced Darwin’s theory of “Survival of the Fittest”?
Thomas Malthus
500
Give modern examples of natural selection / evolution in action
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (super-bugs), Peppered Moth, Pesticide-resistant insects, Drug-resistant HIV