Philosophy
What is the goal of Stoicism?
To achieve a state of complete mental peace and tranquility.
According to Thomas Hobbes, where do human rights come from?
Nature, or Nature's God
If we ban smoking in public parks, then next they'll want to ban smoking in all outdoor areas. After that, they'll try to ban smoking in people's homes. Eventually, the government will ban smoking altogether and then start controlling other personal habits, like what we eat and drink. Therefore, we shouldn't ban smoking in public parks.
Slippery Slope Fallacy
He said Being is a perfect and intelligent realm where things are unchanging and eternal. What philosopher is this?
Plato
According to Kant, what should our ethics and morality be ruled by? In other words, what does Kant say motivates or tells us our ethics are good?
pure reason irrespective of experience
What is the sovereign according to Rousseau?
The collective group of citizens who are part of civil society. The people.
The Greatest Good is the Greatest Happiness for the Greatest Number.
Utilitarianism
During a debate about climate change policy, one participant, Alex, argues for stricter environmental regulations to reduce carbon emissions.
In Response: "Of course, Alex would say that. He's just a liberal tree-hugger who hates big business."
Ad Hominem
He taught, the necessary condition for living an ethical life is a good will. Without this, we cannot be moral or ethical. Who is this?
Immanuel Kant
Who are the three major Stoic writers?
Epictetus
Marcus Aurelius
Seneca
Aristotle calls this, the highest good, or most supreme happiness. Aristotle identifies this Final Cause for humans, as the practice of virtue in concert with the intellect.
Eudaimonia
According to him, the state is bound to protect your rights, among which are life, liberty, and property. Who is this?
John Locke
A parent is talking to their child about the importance of getting good grades in school.
Argument: "If you don't get straight A's, you'll never get into a good college. And if you don't get into a good college, you'll end up unemployed and living on the streets."
Scare Tactic Fallacy
He taught, "all truth is subjectivity", since subjective truths are existential truths and related to one's values.
Soren Kierkegaard
What kind of reason is considered a-priori?
pure reason free from experience
Stoic virtue means living in accordance with nature and never denying it. What is this concept called?
Sympathy
When we choose to act, we are in essence choosing for the world. We are doing actions we'd expect others to do if they were in our position. Therefore, our actions should be universal and carefully thought out since others might perceive us differently. What philosophy is this?
Existentialism
Person A argues that the city should invest more in public transportation to reduce traffic congestion and pollution.
Response by Person B: "Person A just wants to spend millions of taxpayer dollars on fancy buses and trains that nobody will use. They think everyone should stop driving their cars and just rely on public transportation for everything."
Straw Man Fallacy
He taught Being is what humans are once they're dead. That is who they are wholly, now that they are completed. Who is this?
Jean-Paul Satre
The word "ascetic" comes from the Greek: "askesis". This is a term used both by Philosophy and Theology, but what does it mean?
self-discipline, exercise, rigor
What does Jean Paul Sartre mean when he says, "man is condemned to be free."
We alone are responsible for who we are and what we do.
This Roman Catholic doctrine teaches, all social bodies exist for the sake of the individual so that what individuals are able to do, society should not take over, and what small societies can do, larger societies should not take over. What is this called?
Subsidiarity
A new policy was implemented in a company, allowing employees to work from home.
Argument: "Ever since the company started allowing employees to work from home, sales have decreased. Therefore, working from home is causing the drop in sales."
Faulty Causality
He said ethics is like learning to play an instrument: the more you practice, the better you become. Who is this?
Aristotle
In Stoicism, this is what brings order to the universe. All things happen for the good of the whole, since this orchestrates whatever happens. What do Stoics call this?
Logos (Cosmic or Divine Reason)