Colonization
What crop eventually made Jamestown prosper?
Tobacco
What did the Treaty of Paris (1763-following the French and Indian War) do?
It ended French power in North America. Britain gained Canada and all land east of the Mississippi River.
Who was famous for saying, "Give me liberty or give me death!"
Patrick Henry
Explain the Battle of Lexington and Concord?
British General Thomas Gage sent troops to seize arms in Concord. The Minutemen faced the redcoats at the town of Lexington. Fighting broke out with the “shot heard round the world” and the Minutemen retreated . The redcoats continued on to Concord, but the arms had been moved, so they returned to Boston. On the way back, they were harassed by the Minutemen who fired from the trees.
Define "Republic"
A government in which citizens rule themselves through elected representatives.
What is a colonial charter?
A legal document giving certain rights to a person or company. In this case, it was given so that people could establish settlements
How did the French and Indian War start?
It began when Lieutenant Colonel George Washington tried and failed to overtake the French fort Duquesne.
Why did Parliament raise taxes on the colonists and how did the colonists respond?
The British government raised taxes because of the amount of debt Britain accrued as a result of the war, But the colonists responded, “No taxation without representation!” They rioted, petitioned the king and Parliament, and boycotted British goods.
Explain the Battle of Bunker Hill, including its naming.
Patriots took Breed’s Hill and held off two waves of British attacks, only retreating during the third attack after running out of ammunition. Though the British won the battle, they lost more than 1,000 troops, severely weakening them. This battle was named the Battle of Bunker Hill since the colonists were originally going to hold Bunker Hill.
Who are the important people associated with the Legislative Branch, the Executive Branch, and the Judicial Branch?
Legislative: Representatives and Senators
Executive: President, Vice President, Cabinet
Judicial Branch: Supreme Court Justices
How and why did the colony of Rhode Island form?
Roger Williams, who had more radical ideas about the separation of church and state, was banished from Massachusetts. He bought land from the natives and created the Rhode Island colony which allowed for complete religious freedom for Protestants, Catholics, and Jews.
What was the Albany Plan of Union?
It attempted to create one general government for the colonies.
Why did the Boston Massacre occur?
Bostonians, in response to the Townshend Acts, began to heckle the soldiers outside the Boston customs house and then began to throw various items until one soldier was hit in the head. He fired into the crowd and the other soldiers did the same, killing five men altogether.
What is important about the Battle of Saratoga?
British General John Burgoyne was beaten at the village of Saratoga, which was a major turning point in the war. Most importantly, it convinced France to become an ally of the United States.
What is each of the three branches of government in charge of?
Legislative: Making laws
Executive: Carrying out the laws and running the affairs of the national government
Judicial: Interpreting the laws
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The biological and cultural exchange of animals, plants, human populations, diseases, food, government, technology, the arts, and languages.
What is evangelicalism, and what was the religious revival that led to its rise?
Evangelicals became more focused on the personal relationship with Christ, not just going through the motions of church. It became popular during the Great Awakening.
What is Common Sense and who wrote it?
A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in which he said that colonists owed no loyalty to George III or to Britain and concluded that it was time to part ways with Britain.
Explain the significance of the Battle of Yorktown and what happened during the surrender of the British.
General Cornwallis was defeated after retreating to Yorktown peninsula. Washington trapped him by land and besieged his position and the French navy blocked the Chesapeake Bay, forcing Cornwallis to surrender. During the surrender, Cornwallis chose not to appear, claiming illness, and his second offered up the sword. During this, the British army band played the tune “The World Turned Upside Down.”
Who were the Federalist's opponents, what was their concern, and how did the Federalists accommodate them?
The Antifederalists were concerned that the federal government would grow too strong. James Madison wrote the Bill of Rights, a list of freedoms that the government promises to protect. In 1791, these ten amendments were added to the Constitution.
What were the two Reformed groups in England, and how did they differ in their relationship with the Church of England?
Separatists (the Pilgrims) wanted to leave the Church of England. Puritans sought to purify the Anglican Church by doing away with things that too strongly resembled Catholicism.
What was the Enlightenment?
Philosophers began to emphasize the supremacy of human reason over faith
What three things did the Intolerable Acts do?
They closed the port of Boston, forbade Mass. colonists from holding town meetings, and introduced a Quartering Act which forced colonists to house soldiers in their homes.
What three important people drafted the Declaration of Independence and what were the main arguments of the Declaration?
Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams stressed the importance of natural rights and that it was the role of the government to protect those rights. If a government fails to uphold their end, the people have a right to replace that government. They provided a list of grievances the colonies had against King George III as evidence for the government’s failures.
Compare/Contrast the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan. How were these two plans resolved?
Virginia proposed a strong central government with three branches, and the legislative branch would consist of two houses. The number of representatives from each state in each house would be based on state population, house in the legislature with each state having one representative. The Great Compromise combined the two plans.