Scientific Revolution
What is the scientific revolution?
The Scientific Revolution was a period of significant advancements in scientific thought and discovery, fundamentally changing the understanding of the universe.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
Nicolaus Copernicus is known for proposing the heliocentric model of the universe.
What is the Enlightenment?
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.
How did the Scientific Revolution change views of the universe?
The Scientific Revolution changed views of the universe by moving from a geocentric (Earth-centered) perspective to a heliocentric (Sun-centered) one and emphasizing a rational understanding of nature.
What is rationalism?
Rationalism is the belief that reason and logic are the primary sources of knowledge.
Who formulated the laws of motion?
Sir Issac Newton
One contribution of Isaac Newton is the formulation of the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
One contribution of Isaac Newton is the formulation of the laws of motion and universal gravitation
Who wrote "The Social Contract"?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote "The Social Contract"
What role did reason play in the Enlightenment?
Reason played a crucial role in the Enlightenment as a means to challenge traditional beliefs and promote knowledge, justice, and equality.
Define empiricism.
Empiricism is the theory that knowledge comes from sensory experience and evidence collected through observation.
What did the heliocentric theory propose?
The heliocentric propose that the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.
What was Francis Bacon known for?
Francis Bacon was known for developing the empirical method and advocating for scientific experimentation.
What were the main ideas of John Locke?
John Locke's main ideas included the concepts of natural rights (life, liberty, and property) and the belief in government as a social contract with the governed.
Describe one way the Enlightenment influenced the American Revolution.
The Enlightenment influenced the American Revolution by promoting ideas of liberty, democracy, and rights, inspiring colonists to challenge British authority.
What is the social contract theory?
The social contract theory posits that individuals consent to form a government that protects their rights in exchange for some personal freedoms.
Describe the significance of the Scientific Method
The Scientific Method is a systematic approach to inquiry that emphasizes observation, experimentation, and evidence to draw conclusions.
Explain the work of Johannes Kepler.
Johannes Kepler is known for his laws of planetary motion, which describe the orbits of planets around the Sun.
Describe Voltaire's contributions to the Enlightenment
Voltaire contributed to the Enlightenment by advocating for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and separation of church and state.
How did the ideas of the Enlightenment spread?
The ideas of the Enlightenment spread through printed materials, salons, and discussions among intellectuals and the educated public.
Explain the concept of natural rights.
Natural rights refer to the fundamental rights that all individuals possess by virtue of being human, such as life, liberty, and property.
Galileo made significant contributions by using a telescope to observe celestial bodies, supporting the heliocentric theory, and advocating for the scientific method.
How did Enlightenment thinkers challenge traditional authority?
Enlightenment thinkers challenged traditional authority by promoting reason, individual rights, and questioning established institutions like the monarchy and the Church.
How did Montesquieu influence modern government?
Montesquieu influenced modern government by introducing the idea of separation of powers within government to prevent tyranny.
What was the significance of salons during the Enlightenment?
Salons were significant during the Enlightenment as social gatherings where intellectuals discussed ideas, fostering exchange and debate about philosophy, politics, and science.
How did Enlightenment ideas promote individualism?
Enlightenment ideas promoted individualism by emphasizing personal autonomy, rights, and the importance of the individual in society.