Society
In medieval Europe, this class of people worked the land and produced food for their lords - but could not leave the land without permission (which was rarely granted)
What is a Serf?
This person was known as the “Maiden of Orleans” and helped inspire her country people in the Hundred Years’ War and was later put to death for heresy
Who is Joan of Arc?
This large, fortified structure served as a defensive stronghold for medieval lords.
What is a castle?
This religion, based on the teachings of Jesus Christ, dominated medieval European society.
What is Christianity?
This document, signed by King John in 1215, limited the power of the English monarchy.
The Magna Carta
This term refers to the social and economic hierarchy where kings ruled over nobles, who ruled over knights, with peasants at the bottom.
What is Feudalism?
This king of England was forced to sign a historic document in 1215 that limited his power.
Who is King John I?
This mounted, armored soldier followed a code of conduct that emphasized loyalty, bravery, and respect for women.
Who are Knights?
The belief that monarchs derived their authority to rule directly from God was known as this.
What is the divine right of kings?
This legal principle, originating from the struggle for power between King John I and the Barons of England, prevents individuals from being imprisoned without a trial.
What is habeas corpus?
The land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and military service was called this.
What is a fief?
This ruler was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 AD and unified much of Europe under his rule.
Who is Charlemagne?
Before the popularization of gunpowder, this weapon was used in battle to break through castle walls and fortified structures
What is the trebuchet?
This institution, led by the Pope, held immense power over both spiritual and political matters in medieval Europe.
What is the Catholic Church?
In the Christian church, this was the power the Pope had to kick someone out of the church.
What is excommunication?
This professional organization regulated trade, training, and quality among craftsmen in medieval towns.
What is a guild?
This Norman ruler led the invasion of England in 1066 and became its first Norman king.
Who is William the Conqueror?
This long-range weapon was crucial in English victories during the Hundred Years’ War.
What is the longbow?
A person who held beliefs contrary to official Church teachings could be accused of this.
What is Heresy?
What is an Interdict
In European Medieval Society, this became the most powerful person
The Pope
This Emperor went up against Pope Gregory VII and challenged his authority, ultimately losing – forcing him to walk through the snow to beg for forgiveness of the Pope (in 1076)
Who is Emperor Henry IV?
This battle in 1066 marked the beginning of Norman rule in England after William of Normandy defeated Harold II.
The Battle of Hastings
This pope, known for initiating the First Crusade in 1095, called on Christians to reclaim the Holy Land.
Who is Pope Urban II?
This was the country that ended up winning the Hundred Years War
Who is France?