Courts
Court Roles
Landmark Cases/The Constitution
Sentencing
Pretrial/ Trial
100
Additional names for state courts of limited jurisdiction
municipal courts; county courts; district courts and metropolitan courts
100
What is the primary duty of the judiciary?
To oversee the trial process.
100
In this case the US Supreme Court held that a judge in a retrial cannot impose a sentence more severe than originally imposed.
North Carolina v. Pearce (1969)
100

What do you call a statutory requirement that a certain penalty shall be set and carried out in all cases upon conviction for a specified offense or a series of offenses?

Mandatory sentence


100
Name one opportunity pretrial diversion gives:
Avoid the stigma; continue to work; continue pursuing education; access to rehabilitation or restitution/community service
200
Name two different types of specialized courts
Drug courts, community courts, mental health courts, domestic violence courts, prostitution courts, gun courts
200
What kind of trial occurs when a jury trial is waived? And who presides over the trial?
A bench trial and the judge
200
In this case the US Supreme Court ruled that forced treatment does not violate a defendant's due process rights if it was medically appropriate and considering less intrusive alternatives , was essential for the defendants own safety or the safety of others.
Riggins v. Nevada (1992)
200
What do you call a sentence for which two or more criminal acts, served simultaneously and run together?
Concurrent sentence
200
What is the level of proof in civil cases called?
Preponderance of the evidence- more than half the evidence supports the allegations of one side.
300
This court reconsiders a case that has already been tried to determine whether the measures used compiled with accepted rules of criminal procedure and were in accordance with constitutional doctrines
Appellate Court
300
Which factors influence prosecutorial discretion?
Legal issues, victim issues, extralegal issues and resource issues.
300
Which case found that every criminal  defendant enjoys the right to a trial by an impartial judge.
Tumey v. Ohio (1927)
300
The view that the low rates of female crime and delinquency are a reflection of the leniency with which police and judges treat female offenders?
Chivalry hypothesis
300
Describe what is a compulsory process?
The act of compelling the production of a witness via subpoena
400
What is another name for the Supreme Court?
The court of last resort
400
This person is employed by the government to represent poor persons of a crime?
A public defender
400

Which amendment allows for the provision of counsel at trial?

Sixth Amendment
400
Name the 5 factors which affect sentencing?
Severity of offense, prior criminal record, whether violence was used, whether a weapon was used and whether the crime was committed for money
400
What do you call the determination of guilt or innocence ?
An adjudication
500
How many judicial districts are in the United States Federal court system?                                              
94
500
What is the name of the non-partisan method of selecting judges?
The Missouri Plan
500

Which amendment prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment?

Eighth Amendment
500
Name the 5 goals of modern sentencing.
Deterrence, incapacitate, retribution/just desert, rehabilitation and equity/restitution
500
What is another word for the exchange of prosecutorial and judicial concessions?
A plea bargain
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