Kidney Basics
The kidneys regulate acid-base balance, electrolytes, blood pressure, erythropoiesis, and removal of this from the body.
What are waste products?
This organism is the most common cause of urinary tract infections.
What is E. coli?
AKI caused by dehydration, hypotension, or heart failure is classified as this type.
What is prerenal AKI?
These benign tumors develop from uterine smooth muscle and grow in response to estrogen.
What are uterine fibroids/leiomyomas?
Difficulty starting the urine stream, decreased force of stream, dribbling, and urinary retention are classic obstructive symptoms of this disorder.
What is BPH?
This hormone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys.
What is aldosterone?
A patient taking phenazopyridine for UTI symptoms should be taught to expect this harmless change.
What is orange/red discoloration of the urine?
AKI caused by a urethral stricture or bladder cancer obstructing urine flow is classified as this type.
What is postrenal AKI?
Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, dyschezia, and infertility are characteristic of this disorder.
What is endometriosis?
This BPH medication is an alpha blocker that relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate.
What is tamsulosin (Flomax)?
This hormone promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys.
What is ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
Fever, chills, flank pain, and UTI symptoms suggest that the infection has progressed to this condition.
What is pyelonephritis?
AKI caused by aminoglycosides, contrast dye, or glomerulonephritis is classified as this type.
What is intrarenal/intrinsic AKI?
A patient reports "it feels like something is falling out," along with pelvic pressure and urinary symptoms. The nurse suspects this condition.
What is uterine prolapse?
This BPH medication decreases DHT and therefore slows prostate growth.
What is finasteride (Proscar)?
A patient gains 2 kg over 48 hours. Assuming the change is from fluid retention, this is approximately how much retained fluid.
What is 2,000 mL (2 L)?
A patient develops reddish-brown urine, proteinuria, edema, hypertension, and oliguria following a recent streptococcal infection. This disorder should be suspected.
What is acute glomerulonephritis/APSGN?
A patient with AKI begins producing large amounts of urine. This phase indicates the kidneys are beginning to recover but places the patient at risk for fluid and electrolyte loss.
What is the diuretic/diuresis phase?
A patient has obesity, irregular menses, hirsutism, and infertility. This endocrine/reproductive disorder should be suspected.
What is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)?
This surgical procedure is considered the gold standard surgical treatment for obstructive BPH.
What is TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate)?
A CKD patient has fatigue and anemia because the kidneys are no longer adequately producing this hormone.
What is erythropoietin?
This classic but often late finding can occur with both bladder cancer and kidney cancer.
What is painless hematuria?
A patient with AKI has potassium 6.8 mEq/L. The nurse should place highest priority on monitoring for this complication.
What are cardiac dysrhythmias?
This medication decreases estrogen and progesterone secretion and can be used to treat both endometriosis and uterine fibroids.
What is leuprolide (Lupron)?
A prostate feels hard, fixed, and enlarged on DRE. The definitive test needed to diagnose prostate cancer is this.
What is a prostate biopsy?