The Fur Trade
These two First Nations groups acted as middlemen for the European fur trade, having traded long before Europeans arrived
Who are the Mi’kmaq and the Wendat (Huron)?
This group of missionaries encouraged First Nations people to shift to a lifestyle based on farming
Who are the Jesuits?
The Haudenosaunee are also known by this name.
What is the Iroquois?
Furs and moccasins were traded for these European textile goods.
What are cotton clothing, woolen blankets, and colourful cloth?
Europeans exposed First Nations peoples to influenza and this deadly disease, for which they had no natural immunity.
What is smallpox?
First Nations people traded farm produce for these items, which were then traded for European goods
What are beaver furs?
Missionaries encouraged marriages between French men and First Nations women with the expectation that the brides and their children would give up their own:
What are language, religion, and culture?
The Haudenosaunee expanded their territory northward when this specific resource began to decline.
What are furs?
Metal pots and kettles replaced these traditional cooking utensils.
What are wooden containers?
Shortly after the Jesuits arrived, disease wiped out more than half of the population of this specific First Nation.
Who are the Wendat (Huron)?
First Nations groups gained an unfair advantage in conflicts if they received these items in trade before their rivals.
What are guns?
This specific group of nuns sought to educate First Nations girls in the Catholic faith
Who are the Ursuline Nuns?
The Haudenosaunee were backed by the Dutch and this other European power.
Who are the British?
Europeans gained invaluable food resources from First Nations, including maize, pemmican, and this crop.
What is wild rice?
The death of these respected community members meant that knowledge keepers and vital ties to culture were lost.
Who are Elders?
European traders relied on these two First Nations inventions just as much as First Nations relied on European metal tools.
What are canoes and snowshoes?
When opening their school, the Ursuline nuns expected First Nations children to leave their families and do this in order to be under their complete influence.
What is live (board) at the school?
Backed by the French, this First Nations group saw many of their villages destroyed by attacks in the 1640s.
Who are the Wendat (Huron)?
As more hunters trapped furs, they spent less time doing these vital tasks needed for their community's survival.
What are traditional tasks?
Europeans traded this item, leading to social problems related to addiction.
What is alcohol?
As fur trade competition increased, terms began to favour this group, who demanded more while giving less.
Who are the Europeans?
Children sent to the Ursuline school repeatedly did this in order to return to their communities.
What is ran away?
This 1701 treaty involved 1300 delegates from forty First Nations and ended the fighting between the Iroquois and the French.
What is the Great Peace Treaty?
Some communities became dependent on fur trade posts when European goods replaced items that communities had once:
What is made themselves?
Diseases like smallpox and influenza were incredibly deadly to First Nations peoples because their bodies lacked this built-in biological defense.
What is natural resistance (or immuinty)?