Turn of the Century Labor, Part I
This relatively inclusive 19th-century labor organization sought to unite skilled and unskilled workers and envisioned a cooperative commonwealth.
What are the Knights of Labor?
This industrial union led by Debs organized railroad workers regardless of craft in the 1890s.
What is the American Railway Union?
During the Great Depression, unemployed people lived in these informal encampments named ironically after the president.
What are Hoovervilles?
Launched by Martin Luther King Jr., this movement linked racial justice, labor rights, and economic redistribution.
What is the Poor People's Campaign?
Unlike European norms separating men’s and women’s work, many Indigenous societies practiced different and often more flexible labor divisions.
What is the gendered division of labor in Europe versus Indigenous North America?
This labor leader founded the Knights of Labor as a secret society in 1869.
Who is Uriah S. Stephens?
Idea that if companies provided certain benefits to their employees, it would reduce labor unrest, build loyalty to the company, and decrease the likelihood that workers would unionize.
What is welfare capitalism?
As Secretary of Labor, she helped design key New Deal social welfare and labor reforms.
Who is Frances Perkins?
This 1968 conflict exposed tensions between community control, teachers’ unions, and racial politics in New York City.
What is the Oceanhill-Brownsville Strike?
Black women organized these unions during Reconstruction to demand autonomy and fair pay for laundry work.
What are washerwomen's unions?
This longtime leader of the AFL championed craft unionism and “pure and simple” unionism.
Who is Samuel Gompers?
This engineer pioneered scientific management to control the labor process.
Who is Frederick Winslow Taylor?
During World War II, this policy forcibly removed Japanese Americans from the West Coast, reshaping labor markets and citizenship.
What is Japanese Internment?
This women-led union in upstate New York won a major strike in the 1860s, demonstrating early female labor militancy.
What is the Troy Female Collar and Laundry Workers Union?
Founded in 1886, this federation organized primarily skilled workers through craft unions.
What is the American Federation of Labor?
Employers promoted these organizations to channel worker grievances without independent collective power.
What are company unions?
This controversial labor leader headed the Teamsters and symbolized both union power and corruption debates.
Who is Jimmy Hoffa?
Middle- and upper-class women supporters who picketed alongside garment workers were known by this nickname.
What is the "mink brigade"?
This socialist leader rose to prominence through railroad unionism and later ran for president from prison.
Who is Eugene V. Debs?
This 1926 law established a distinct labor-relations framework for railroad and airline workers.
What is the Railway Labor Act?
This group challenged airline industry rules governing marriage, age, and appearance.
What is Stewardesses for Women's Rights?