Cardiology
NAME GDMT USED IN HEART FAILURE WITH SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION?
BETA BLOCKERS
ACE/ARB
K+ SPARING DIURECTICS
DAPAGLIFLOZIN
SMALL JOINTS INVOLVED IN OSTEOARTHRITIS VS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS?
OSTEO-->PIP AND DIP
RA-->PIP, MCP, MTP
NAME ANY 3 EXTRA INTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS OF IBD?
Arthralgia's
Uveitis, Iritis
Eryhtema nodosum , pyoderma gangrenosum
Sclerosing cholangitis
WHAT TYPE OF CAST IS SEEN IN ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS?
Muddy brown granular in ATN
Hyaline cast in dehydration or normal otherwise
Red cell cast in nephritic syndrome
Eosinophilic cast in ALLERGIC nephritis
Broad waxy in chronic renal disease
CLASSIFICATION OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
GROUP 1: PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION
GROUP 2: LEFT HEART DISEASE
GROUP 3: CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE(COPD,OSA)
GROUP 4: CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLISM
GROUP 5: OTHER CAUSES(SARCOIDOSIS)
WHICH TYPE OF CANCER IS MOST COMMONLY ASSOS. WITH SJORGREN SYNDROME?
NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA(DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL, MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMA)
WHAT ARE THE LAB FINDINGS (T4, T3, TSH), RADIOACTIVE UPTAKE RESULTS AND TREATMENT OF DE QUERVAIN THYROIDITIS?
ELEVATED T4 AND SUPPRESSED TSH
LOW RADIOACTIVE UPTAKE
NSAIDs AND BETA BLOCKER
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BUMETANIDE?
INHIBITS THE CO-TRANSPORT SYSTEM(NA=/K+/CL-) OF THICK ASCENDING LOOP OF HENLE.
WHICH MURMUR IS AUSCULTATED IN MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE?
EJECTION CLICK FOLLOWED BY LATE SYSTOLIC MURMUR.
WHICH ANTIBODY ASSOS. WITH SCLERODERMA?
ANTI SCL 70 (ANTI TOPOISOMERASE ANTIBODIES)
What gene is mutated in hemochromatosis and Wilson's disease?
C282y in hemochromatosis
ATP7B in Wilson's disease
WHAT IS THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ALPORT SYNDROME?
A CONGENITAL defect in type 4 collagen
Characterized by nephritic syndrome + sensorineural hearing loss + visual disturbance
WHAT IS ALTERNATE FOR K+ SPARING DIURETIC USE IN CHF IN CASE OF HYPERKALEMIA?
HYDRALAZINE AND NITRATES
WHICH ANTIBODY IS ASSOS. WITH LUNG FIBROSIS DERMATOMYOSITIS?
ANTI-JO ANTIBODY
What lab values are required to calculate the MELD score and what is it used for?
The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score is a prospectively developed and validated cirrhosis severity scoring system that uses a patient's laboratory values for serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, the international normalized ratio (INR) and serum sodium to predict three-month survival. In patients with cirrhosis, an increasing MELD score is associated with increasing severity of hepatic dysfunction and increasing three-month mortality risk
WHAT ARE THE SHAPES OF CALCIUM, AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE STONES, URIC ACID AND CYSTINE STONES?
ENVELOPE-CALCIUM
COFFIN LID-AMP
RHOMBOID-URIC ACID
CYSTINE-HEXAGONAL
CRITERIA FOR SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS?
AORTIC JET VELOCITY >4.0 m/s
or
MEAN TRANSALVEOLAR PRESSURE GRADIENT > 40 mmHg.
VALVULAR AREA IS USUALLY <1 cm2 but not required.
What is the cutoff value for MADDREY SCORE for steroid use?
Scores above 32 typically suggest poor prognosis and that these patients may be helped by steroid administration.
When a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis is ill, the Maddrey Score is used to determine if they would benefit from the use of steroids as part of their medication regimen
WHAT IS THE CUTOFF VALUE FOR THE MADDREY SCORE FOR STEROID USE?
Scores above 32 typically suggest a poor prognosis and that these patients may be helped by steroid administration.
When a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis is ill, the Maddrey Score is used to determine if they would benefit from the use of steroids as part of their medication regimen.
NAME 3 DRUGS THAT CAN CAUSE ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS?
NSAIDS
Allopurinol
Phenytoin
Penicillin
PPI
TMP-SMX
Sulfa drugs
ONSET 5 DAYS TO SEVERAL WEEKS
HANSEL and WRIGHT STAIN
IT IS USED TO DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF EOSINOPHILS IN UA.