Category 1:
Stages of Cell Cycle
Stages of Cell Cycle
What phase(s) do cells grow bigger in the cell cycle?
G1 and G2 phases of Interphase.
What happens in metaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids align in the middle of the cell.
Spindle fibres attach to sister chromatids/centromeres.
What is the name of the checkpoint(s) that ensures all spindle fibres are properly attached to the sister chromatids?
Spindle Checkpoint
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs. Making it a total of 46 chromosomes!
Explain how cytokinesis happens in plant cells.
1) cell plate begins to form via vesicles containing ingredients for the cell wall and cell membrane recruiting in the middle of the cell.
3) cell wall and cell membrane eventually forms and separates the cell into two daughter cells.
What phase(s) in the cell cycle do cells duplicate their organelles
During G2 phase of Interphase
What phase of Mitosis involves the nuclear envelope "re-forming" (forming again)?
Telophase
Which checkpoint(s) check for DNA damage?
The G1 and G2 checkpoints
What is the genetic condition that arises from having an extra chromosome #21 in humans?
Down Syndrome, or Trisomy 21.
When do centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell?
During Prophase.
How many nuclei does the cell have in the G2 phase?
One nucleus.
What step of mitosis involves the nuclear envelope dissolving/disappearing?
Prophase
What checkpoint(s) check whether the DNA has been copied successfully?
G2 checkpoint
What is the type of disease that arises from cell checkpoints not working anymore, and cells divide uncontrollably?
Cancer.
What stage(s) of the cell cycle prepares for cell division?
Interphase.
G1, S and G2 phases ALL prepare for cell division
What happens in Anaphase of Mitosis?
Sister chromatids separate into opposite poles of the cell.
What checkpoint(s) check for DNA damage?
G1 and G2 checkpoints
In a fully grown adult, which of the following cells are in the resting phase?
1) Most neuron (nerve) cells
2) Most hair cells
3) Most skin cells
Most neuron (nerve) cells. That is why brain damage is hard to recover from.
What phase(s) of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
The S (or synthesis) phase of Interphase
Two sister chromatids are joined together at
the _____________.
centromere
Where are all 3 cell cycle checkpoints located?
G1 = At the end of G1
G2 = At the end of G2
Spindle = At metaphase of mitosis
2 part question:
- (250 points) What is the process of programmed cell death called?
- (250 points) Provide an example of when a cell would program itself to death.
1) apoptosis
2) when a cell's DNA is damaged beyond repair.