Some Assembly Required
This first national framework left most authority with the states and gave Congress no independent power to tax.
What are the Articles of Confederation?
This first president had to turn the Constitution’s framework into a functioning national government.
Who is George Washington?
This phrase expressed the belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent.
What is Manifest Destiny?
This invention sped cotton processing but encouraged cotton expansion and increased demand for enslaved field labor.
What is the cotton gin?
Before emancipation became an explicit war aim, this was the Union government’s central objective.
What is preserving the Union?
These first ten amendments helped answer Anti-Federalist objections about inadequate protection of individual liberties.
What is the Bill of Rights?
Dividing lawmaking, enforcement, and interpretation among three branches illustrates this constitutional principle.
What is separation of powers?
This treasury secretary proposed assuming state debts and creating a national bank to strengthen public credit.
Who is Alexander Hamilton?
He signed the Indian Removal Act, vetoed the national bank’s recharter, and rejected South Carolina’s claim of nullification.
Who is Andrew Jackson?
William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth belonged to this movement seeking slavery’s end.
What is the abolitionist movement?
At Appomattox, this Confederate commander surrendered his army to this Union commander. Name both.
Who are Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant?
Harriet Beecher Stowe used this novel to challenge slavery through stories of suffering and family separation.
What is Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
This agreement gave states population-based representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.
What is the Great Compromise?
John Marshall’s decision in Marbury v. Madison established this power to declare laws unconstitutional.
What is judicial review?
Despite Cherokee legal victories and widespread Cherokee opposition to the Treaty of New Echota, forced removal continued. This name describes the deadly journey west.
What is the Trail of Tears?
This 1820 settlement admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
What is the Missouri Compromise?
One July 1863 victory stopped Lee’s Pennsylvania invasion; another helped secure Union control of the Mississippi River. Name both.
What are Gettysburg and Vicksburg?
Under this agricultural arrangement, farmers paid landowners with part of their crop and could become trapped in recurring debt for supplies.
What is sharecropping?
The Constitution divides power between the national government and state governments. This principle names that division.
What is federalism?
The Treaty of Ghent ended this war, but news of peace arrived too late to prevent the Battle of New Orleans.
What is the War of 1812?
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended this war in 1848, giving the United States California and much of the Southwest.
What is the Mexican War?
This 1854 law used popular sovereignty in two territories, overturned the earlier slavery restriction there, and helped produce “Bleeding Kansas.”
What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
Issued by Lincoln in 1863, this wartime order declared enslaved people free in designated areas still in rebellion. It did not abolish slavery nationwide.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
This early nineteenth-century religious revival movement inspired Americans to pursue reforms such as women's suffrage, temperance, and abolition.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
One wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights; the other wrote the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom. Name both Virginians, in that order.
Who are George Mason and Thomas Jefferson?
Hamilton argued that Congress could create a bank as a means of carrying out its listed powers. Such powers, though not expressly stated, are called this.
What are implied powers?
In this 1832 case, the Supreme Court ruled that Georgia’s laws had no force within Cherokee territory.
What is Worcester v. Georgia?
This 1857 Supreme Court decision denied U.S. citizenship to Black descendants of enslaved Africans and ruled that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories.
What is the Dred Scott decision?
This Union victory during the 1864 Shenandoah Valley campaign was won by Philip Sheridan and helped strengthen Lincoln’s reelection prospects.
What is the Battle of Cedar Creek?
This biracial Virginia coalition sought to reduce the state’s debt burden, protect public school funding, and expand opportunities for Black Virginians.
What is the Readjuster Party?