Mind Over Matter
Matters of The Heart
Luck Be a Lady
The Kidney and I
A Breath of Fresh Air
100
YES/NO: A 74-year-old patient is hospitalized with a right middle cerebral artery stroke. During the work-up, the carotid duplex reveals a stenosis of 55% in the ipsilateral carotid artery. Is carotid endarterectomy (CE) indicated for this patient?
What is yes?
100
This maneuver can increase the intensity of the murmur of mitral valve regurgitation.
What is the transient arterial occlusion or handgrip exercises
100
TRUE/FALSE: Mammography is best used as a tool to evaluate a palpable breast mass.
FALSE: Mammography is used to detect non-palpable breast masses. Suspicious lesions found on a mammography should be biopsied, even if it seems benign.
100
How many kidneys do most people need?
What is two? (Most people are born with 2 but you only need one!)
100
FRC (functional residual capacity) is best characterized as:
What is the volume of gas present in the lungs when the respiratory muscles are totally relaxed?
200
A 45-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with the worst headache of her life. A lumbar puncture reveals many red blood cells, and the head CT shows a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intracranial CT angiography reveals a left posterior communicating aneurysm. You would treat this patient how?
What is endovascular coiling?
200
With a Swan Ganz catheter, this is the reason why the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure approximates the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (i.e. left atrial pressure).
What is What is low pulmonary circulation resistance?
200
This is the relationship between oral contraceptive pills and oviarian/endometrial cancer.
What is that oral contraceptive pills have been shown to reduce ovarian cancer by 50%? Also, reduce the incidence of endometrial cancer.
200
Each kidney contains 1.5 million filters for blood called this.
What are nephrons?
200
Under normal conditions, lung sterility is maintained by what.
What are the mucociliary escalator, phagocytic cells, and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue?
300
Kernig’s sign is associated with this particular disease.
What is meningitis?
300
This is the Virchow's Triad.
What are findings that are associated with DVT: endothelial damage, venous stasis, hypercolagylable state?
300
What is the most common cause of preventable infertility in the United States?
What is Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID)?
300
This is the first step in making urine. It is the process that your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so they may be eliminated from your body.
What is Glomerular filtration?
300
As blood moves from the lungs to the tissues, the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve shifts:
What is right?
400
You’re evaluating a 50-year-old man who presents with a headache. He says that he notices that before his headaches, like now, he sees “funny squiggly things.” He asks if you can turn off the light as you come into the room, because the bright light is “driving him nuts.” What would you give him?
What are Ergotamine and caffeine (Cafergot)?
400
List the physical signs and symptoms of DVT.
What are unilateral leg swelling, pain or tenderness, HOMAN Sign?
400
This exam consists of looking for: cysts, tumors, inflammation of Bartholin’s glands or Skene’s glands.
What is the Vulvar Examination?
400
This is responsible for the retention of water in the body. In the kidney, this increases reabsorption at the collecting duct.
What is Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
400
You are called to see a patient in the ER who is hypoxic and wheezing. You instruct your medical student to place the patient on 2 liters per minute of oxygen via nasal cannula; in 5 minutes the patient’s oxygen saturation has risen from 83% to 92%. You inform your student that this patient’s hypoxia is most likely due to:
What is V/Q mismatch?
500
In this disorder you would see choreiform movements.
What is Rheumatic fever?
500
This is the most common form of cardiomyopathy and it's cause.
What are dilated cardiomyopathy and chronic coronary artery disease/ischemia? FOR USMLE WATCH OUT FOR: alcohol, myocarditis, or doxorubicin
500
: A 69-year-old G3P3 comes in for an annual exam. Her friend was recently diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Your patient experienced her last menstrual period at age 49. She has not had any bleeding since. Her medications include only prenatal vitamins and supplemental calcium. She has no significant family history. Her physical examination including a pelvic examination is normal. Her height is 5 feet 5 inches and she weighs 120 pounds. The patient asks you if she should have any testing to rule out endometrial cancer. Which of the following is the most appropriate management for this patient?
What are annual exams?
500
Renin is produced and secreted from granules located in the:
What is the afferent arteriole?
500
The patient’s diffusion capacity is 75% predicted; when it is divided by the total lung capacity expressed as percent predicted, the resultant value is 113%. Your guess is that this patient’s lung elastic recoil forces are tnis?
What is normal?
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