Managing Resources
What is waste management
The collection transport and disposal of waste streams.
What is population density
number of people per square km
Field work limitations
Is hard and time consuming to say the least – contains numerous variables
and large data sets
Impacts include enhanced chemical weathering/breaking down of buildings and a lower pH in aquatic ecosystems.
Acid deposition
Major sources of greenhouse emissions
-combustion of fossil fuels
-ricefields and livestock
-landfill sites
What is food insecurity linked to
Climate change, population growth, economic limitations, incorrect farming methods, biofuels, political unrest, war, and natural disasters
Human factors of population growth
Human factors
1. History
2. Social
3. Economic
4. Political
What are some primary and secondary.
Point sampling, line sampling,
and area sampling.
International agreement used to reduce and phase out the use of ozone depleting substances such as CFCs
Montreal Protocol
Impacts of climate change on humans and environment
Humans
-increased frequency/severity of extreme weather events which lead to more flooding and droughts
-forced migration, damage to property, impacts on crop yields
Environment
-ocean and wind circulation
-melting of sea ice, ice sheets, glaciers, and permafrost
-species distribution and biodiversity(impacts on habitats and distribution)
Energy insecurity causes
population growth, location of resources, fossil fuel
depletion, supply disruption (war/disasters), climate change and increased demand.
Physical factors of population growth
1. Certain land means easy food
2. Weather and climate
3. Soil type and quality
a. Steep slopes have poor soil – no ability to hold nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen)
4. Frozen soil (permafrost is bad)
5. Water supply, Resources, Threats to resources and humans
Why is it hard to support the climate change theory
A variety of climate data needs to be collected transparently to ensure and support the
climate change theory.
Ozone hole
Area where the average concentration of ozone is below 100 Dobson units.
strategies for managing climate change through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
-reducing use of fossil fuels
-reducing deforestation, increasing reforestation
-switching to low carbon fuels
-national and international agreements such as Kyoto Protocol 1992 and the Paris Agreement 2016
-transport policies
Poor waste disposal effects
leads to loss of habitat, biodiversity loss, pollution and spread of disease.
What influences population change
Birth rate, cultural or traditional factors, level of
education (less education means more kids, more education less kids) religious influence, government policy and death rates
Random method steps
1. Divide area into a grid using measuring tapes
2. Using random number generator to generate coordinates within the
grid to sample
3. Sample at identified point using appropriate sampling equipment
4. Collect relevant data, identifying any species or factors that need to be
recorded
5. Record results in a table
6. Calculate the average (mean) of the data collected
Photochemical smog (define)
Outline how increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (GGs) contributes to the enhanced greenhouse effect and global warming
-burning of fossil fuels and other sources release GGs like methane and carbon dioxide
-UV radiation passes through Earth's atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface
-energy is then re-emitted back into atmosphere as infrared radiation
-the more GGs, the more heat/infrared radiation that is absorbed and the harder it becomes to re-emit it back to space.
Food insecurity results
malnutrition, poor health, higher risk of spread of disease, low levels of productivity and increased risk of poverty.
What is the dependency ratio
the number of working vs nonworking people within a population. The smaller the working population the greater the pressure on the
economy.
Systematic sampling steps
1. Extend a measuring tape from one side of the habitat to the other
2. Sample at 0m on the tape using appropriate sampling equipment
3. Collect relevant data and record results in table
4. 4) Move the sampling equipment along the measuring tape
5. Repeat steps 2-3 at regular intervals along the measuring tape
6. Continue the full length of the measuring tape
7. Calculate the average or mean of the data
f. Sampling techniques? = Refer to your notes or the powerpoint or book
Outline how ozone depletion occurs
-CFSs from aerosols/refrigerants break down in the stratosphere in the presence of UV radiation
-CFCs release chlorine atoms
-Chlorine atoms react with ozone to break down ozone and form oxygen and chlorine monoxide
-Chlorine atoms and chlorine monoxide remain in the atmosphere and keep breaking down ozone
Outline geo-engineering strategies to counteract climate change
-Solar radiation management
-albedo enhancement
-space reflectors